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EUR612S - ELEMENTS OF URBAN AND RURAL ECONOMICS - 2ND OPP - JAN 2025 |
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n Am I BI A u n IVER s ITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLOGY
FACULTYOF ENGINEERINGAND THE BUILTENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENTOF LANDAND SPATIALSCIENCES
QUALIFICATION(S): BACHELOR OF PROPERTYSTUDIES
DIPLOMA IN PROPERTYSTUDIES
QUALIFICATION(S)CODE: 08BOPS
06DIPS
NQF LEVEL:6
COURSECODE: EUR612S
COURSENAME: ELEMENTS OF URBAN AND RURAL
ECONOMICS
EXAMSSESSION:JANUARY 2025
PAPER:
THEORY
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS:
100
SECONDOPPORTUNITY/SUPPLEMENTARYEXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S) MR SAMUEL ATO I<.HAYFORD
MODERATOR: MRS ELINA TEODOL
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the entire question paper before ·answering the Questions.
2. Please write clearly and legibly!
3. The question paper contains a total of 5 questions.
4. You must answer ALLQUESTIONS.
5. Make sure your Student Number is on the EXAMINATION BOOK(S).
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
1. Non-programmable Scientific Calculator
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 6 PAGES(Including this front page)
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Elements of Urban and Rural Economics
Question 1
EUR612S
For each of the following statements indicate whether it is 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'. Each correct answer
carries 1 mark.
(20)
a) The principal weakness of the Keynesian approach to urban growth is the lack of statistical
data available at a local level.
b) Profit-making land uses are those uses that produce monetary benefits to the users of land
resources in an economic activity.
c) By central place theory it is likely that "Besides Windhoek there can be no other Windhoek in
Namibia".
d) Open spaces especially cemeteries are usually created and maintained for profit making
purpose.
e) Under Income model of urban growth, a mere increase in consumption as a result of
increased inflow of income is an indication of a positive growth of an urban area.
f) By the employment approach of urban growth model, the overall additional population of an
urban area due to a given increase in employment in the basic sector is the result of a
consequential increase in non-basic employment and an overall increase in non-working
population.
g) Green belts though simply confine urban sprawl yet leave in its trail the problem of housing
the overspill population
h) Per capita income is a preferred measure of urban growth because a rise in individual
income means an increase in welfare, as the income may be equitably distributed among all
people.
Second Opportunity/Supplementary Question Page 2 of 6
January 2025
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Elements of Urban and Rural Economics
EUR612S
i) For the mere fact that there is rapid increase in and rising levels of population in Windhoek
certainly means that Windhoek is Over-urbanised.
j) Though population growth, Economic growth or both influence the physical growth of a
town/city, economic growth can conveniently be considered as the dominant factor
responsible for physical urban growth.
k) In summary people are forced to migrate to urban centres because of a crisis situation, be it
political disaster, natural disaster or some economic disaster.
I) Savings, taxes and expenditure on import constitute a drain on total money inflow because
they stimulate economic activity and employment in the subject urban area.
m) An urban area may be defined exclusively by using demographic and economic criteria.
n) The higher the payment for factors owned but hired outside a particular urban area, the
higher the addition to money inflow, economic activities and employment in that particular
urban area.
o) Non-basic sector otherwise referred to as Service sector produces goods and services for
domestic consumption. Its growth is therefore independent on the basic sector.
p) Basic sector industries refer to those industries in the urban economy which produce goods
and services for external demand brings income to the urban economy and thus creates
employment and stimulate urban growth.
q) In the short-term housing supply is highly elastic. It cannot be increased fast because of high
costs of construction and high costs of land.
r) In determining the short-term price/rent level at which urban land is exchanged in the
property market, supply forces play a more dominant role than demand factors.
Second Opportunity/Supplementary Question Page 3 of 6
January 2025
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Elements of Urban and Rural Economics
EUR612S
s) Rent control policy is noted for specifying the maximum amount that can be charged for rent
as well as offering security of tenure to tenants.
t) According to Button (1976) "an urban area refers to spatial concentration of people within
an interrelated network of economic markets situated in a limited spatial area".
(20]
Question 2
a) i) Apart from payment for the use of externally owned factors of production, mention the
three (3) items that constitute leakages in the calculation of Net income of an urban area
according to the Keynesian approach to urban growth.
(3)
ii) Suppose an 'injections' generates money inflow amounting to N$80,000,000.00 (eighty
million Namibian dollars) to be spent in the Swakopmund urban area, calculate the next
three net income generated in the urban economy if you assume 10%, 12% and 18%
respectively for the three items of leakages mentioned in question a) i).
(6)
iii) What is the total income generation if the successive rounds are added up?
(2)
b) Given that the Marginal propensity to consume internally/locally produced goods in the
Swakopmund economy is 80%, what will be the Urban multiplier?
(2)
c) Suppose an 'injection' generates money inflow amounting to N$55,000,000.00, using the
urban multiplier inc), find the total income to be generated (size of growth).
(2)
d) Briefly explain the main constraints to urban growth.
(5)
(20]
Second Opportunity/Supplementary Question Page 4 of 6
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Elements of Urban and Rural Economics
EUR612S
Question 3
a) Namibia's Population and housing Census data released in the year 2002 indicated the
following ranking on the basis of the population figures recorded
1st City - Windhoek
2nd City - Walvis Bay
3rd City - Rundu
4th City - Oshakati
233,529
43,611
36,964
28,255
Using the Rank size rule determine;
i) the primacy status between Windhoek and Walvis Bay.
(3)
ii) the Primacy index between Windhoek and Oshakati.
(3)
iii) What conclusion can be drawn from your answers obtained in (i and ii) above?
(2)
iv) Give one (1) reason that might have contributed to the primacy situations in (i and ii).
(3)
b) What is meant by Urban Poverty?
(2)
c) Enumerate any six (6) indicators of urban poverty.
(6)
(19]
Question 4
Identify and explain both urban and rural based employment policies.
(16)
(16]
Second Opportunity/Supplementary Question Page 5 of 6
January 2025
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Elements of Urban and Rural Economics
EUR612S
Question 5
Understanding the pivotal role cities play in shaping rural economies through market access and
consumption patterns helps to grasp how urban and rural areas are interconnected and how
changes in one can significantly impact the other. Briefly account for the benefits of this urban-
rural interaction in the following areas.
a) Market Access
(16)
b) Economic Opportunities
(9)
[25]
Second Opportunity/Supplementary Question Page 6 of 6
January 2025