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EUR612S - ELEMENTS OF URBAN AND RURAL ECONOMICS - 1ST OPP - NOV 2024 |
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n Am I BI A u n IVER s ITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLOGY
FACULTYOF ENGINEERINGAND THE BUILTENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENTOF LANDAND SPATIALSCIENCES
QUALIFICATION(S): BACHELOR OF PROPERTYSTUDIES
DIPLOMA IN PROPERTYSTUDIES
QUALIFICATION(S)CODE: 08BOPS
06DIPS
NQF LEVEL:6
COURSECODE: EUR612S
COURSENAME: ELEMENTS OF URBAN AND RURAL
ECONOMICS
EXAMSSESSION:NOVEMBER 2024
PAPER:
THEORY
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS:
100
FIRSTOPPORTUNITYEXAMINATION QUESTIONPAPER
EXAMINER(S) MR SAMUEL ATO K. HAYFORD
MODERATOR: MRS ELINA TEODOL
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the entire question paper before answering the Questions.
2. Please write clearly and legibly!
3. The question paper contains a total of 5 questions.
4. You must answer ALLQUESTIONS.
5. Make sure your Student Number is on the EXAMINATION BOOK(S).
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
1. Non-programmable Scientific Calculator
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 6 PAGES(Including this front page)
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Elements of Urban and Rural Economics
Question 1
EUR612S
For each of the following statements indicate whether it is 'TRUE'or 'FALSE'.Eachcorrect answer
carries 1 mark.
(23)
a) By implication the income approach of the Economic (export) based model divides the urban
economy into basic and non-basic urban residents and basic and non-basic urban industries.
b) During post industrial revolution major cause of urban growth was mainly due to both rural
urban migration and natural increase.
c) By the Income (Keynesian) Approach urban growth is explained not in terms of employment
but in terms of income.
d) Within an urban area, accessibility and type of shop correlate with sales turnover.
e) Shop rents and intensity of development usually diminish outwards from the Central
Business District (CBD), all other factors remaining the same.
f) It could be deduced that there is an inverse relationship between the intensity of land uses,
profitability and land values. Land value is therefore the result of discounting expected
future net income.
g) Economic reasons play the most vital and dominant role in household (residential) land use
location decisions even though it is equally important that utility is not ignored.
h) In determining the short-term price/rent level at which urban land is exchanged in the
property market, supply forces play a more dominant role than demand factors.
i) There is an inverse (opposite) relationship between the mobile ability of a worker, his
income level as well as the extent of his market in the sense that the more his income
earning ability the limited the size of market.
First Opportunity Question Paper
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November 2024
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Elements of Urban and Rural Economics
EUR612S
j) According to Rank-size rule, City A, largest city, with a population of 36,964 is most likely to
be a primate city in relation to City B which is the second in the ranking and inhabited by
28,255 people.
k) Cities with poor infrastructure, high rate of unemployment, rising traffic congestion and
deplorable standard of living of its people is a clear manifestation of over-urbanization.
I) The extent to which any urban area grows in size depends on the extent of the market for its
economic activities (both internal and external).
m) Whilst economic (export) based model examines the pattern of economic activities within an
urban area central place theory seeks to answer the question about the distribution of cities,
towns and villages throughout a country.
n) By the employment approach of urban growth model, the overall additional population to an
urban area due to a given increase in employment in the basic sector is the result of a
consequential increase in non-basic employment and an overall increase in non-working
population.
o) Land Rent represents the economic return in the form of gross return that goes to real estate
resources for their use in production.
p) The advantage of a particular location of urban land for residential use in terms of
movement, convenience and amenity are factors that determine the level of profitability.
q) Von Thunen's theory of land rent attributes emergence of rent to differences in fertility of
various pieces of agricultural land in a country of scarce fertile lands.
r) Under economic based theory of urban growth, non-basic activities involve industries
producing goods and services for consumption by the inhabitants of the urban areas only.
s) According to the economic base theory of urban growth, non-basic activities are seen as the
dominant cause of urban growth.
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Elements of Urban and Rural Economics
EUR612S
t) By the Keynesian model of urban growth, it is the changes in the total income of the urban
area (not only simply exports) that results in changes in its level of business activities and
employment.
u) Shortage of space restricts urban growth because lateral as well as vertical growths are
impossible in the short term.
v) Town planning regulations especially greenbelts policy encourages vertical growth of urban
area and protect agricultural lands from new developments by law.
w) According to von Thunen's Least-cost location theory as applied to agricultural land use,
transportation costs are so important that it significant effects on (land) rent paying ability
and the quantity of products can be sold profitably.
[23)
Question 2
a) Differentiate between 'Upper limit (Range)' and 'Lower limit Threshold' as used by Christalier
(1933), in the formulation of Central PlaceTheory.
(3)
b) Complete the table below by indicating the characteristics and type of centre each of the
goods and services are likely to be found by the population in the hinterland according to
Christallers central place model?
(6)
Name of Goods and
Services
2 cartons of Rhode
Tomato Paste
Heart Surgeon
Samsung Split Air
Conditioner
Range
Threshold
Type of Centre
c) Based on the quality and variety of goods and services provided describe the following types
of centres as identified by Christallers in Central Place Theory.
(6)
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Elements of Urban and Rural Economics
i) Windhoek
ii) Okongo
EUR612S
d) Oshikuku city has a population of 60,000. The Basic sector and non-basic sector employ
26,000 and 20,000 respectively. Find the ratio of the following;
(2)
i) Basicemployment : non-basic employment
ii) Basicemployment : total employment
iii) Total employment : total population
iv) Basicemployment: total population
e) If as a result of increased demand for basic goods, basic employment in Onkani city (as
stated in d above) increases by 20%, what would be the effect on total population of
Oshikuku.
(2)
(20)
Question 3
a) What is meant by 'land market'?
(2)
b) Government intervention in the property market is necessary to ensure equilibrium in
demand for and supply of land. Mention three (3) reasons for this intervention?
(5)
c) Briefly account for any two (2) of the housing problems in developing countries?
(6)
Question 4
To assessthe impact of agricultural growth on economic transformation, various metrics and
indicators are used.
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Elements of Urban and Rural Economics
EUR612S
a) Briefly highlight any two (2) of the Impacts with respect to increased agricultural
productivity.
(10)
b) Briefly account for the effects in the following areas.
i) Employment Effects
(10)
ii) Income Levels
(10)
iii) Food Security
(10)
c) Explain any two (2) benefits of Physical infrastructure for its crucial role in facilitating
agricultural productivity and enhancing overall rural development.
(4)
[44]
First Opportunity Question Paper
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November 2024