Question 1
[20]
1.1
Define process variable, load variable and manipulated variable.
(5)
1.2
What are the advantages and disadvantages of PID control actions?
(5)
1.3
Draw block diagram of the elements that make up the feedback path in a process-control
loop and explain?
(10)
Question 2
[20]
2.1
Write down the difference between transducer and sensor with examples
(5)
2.2
How does crystallite size of particles cause peak broadening in X-ray diffraction (XRD)? (5)
2.3
What is an XRD instrument and What are the components of an x-ray diffraction
instrument? Explain the operation of XRD instruments with diagram.
(10)
Question 3
[20]
3.1
What are the applications of Atomic Force Microscopy? Can we see individual atoms with
the AFM?.
(5)
3.2
How electron beam is focused on SEM, explain?
(5)
3.3
Explain the basic operational principle of an Transmission Electron Microscope with the aid
of a diagram
(10)
Question 4
[20]
4.1
What is the difference between a heat flow and a heat flux DSC?
(5)
4.2
Describe the principles of infrared spectroscopy? How is it differ from UV-VIS
spectroscopy?
(5)
4.3
Explain how a spectrophotometer works?
(10)
In a sample with an absorbance of 1 at a specific wavelength, what is the relative
amount of light that was absorbed by the sample.
Question 5
[20]
5.1
What is van der Pauw method for resistivity
?
(5)
5.2
How does a vibrating sample magnetometer work? Why do we use vibrating sample
magnetometer?
(5)
5.3
Mention five different techniques for measuring dielectric properties of
(10)
materials? Mention how do each of these works.