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PLU411C- PRINCIPLES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE USE- 1ST OPP- NOV 2023 |
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HAROLD PUPKEWITZ GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
QUALIFICATION: DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT
QUALIFICATION CODE: 06DBPM
LEVEL: 6
COURSE CODE: PLU411C
COURSE NAME: PRINCIPLESOF ENGLISH LANGUAGE USE
SESSION: NOVEMBER2023
DURATION:
3 HOURS
PAPER:
MARKS:
THEORY
100
SUPPLEMENTARY/ SECOND OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S)
MODERATOR:
Ms A. Smith
Ms C Botes
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly.
3. Number the answers clearly.
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 11 PAGES (Including this front page)
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.L
/-\\ IUL lid:, Uldlll5t::U
UVt::I lilt:: f.Jd:,L yt::dl, IIILIUUllll5
uur UldllJ:,! ur, ldlller, re-:,11uµeu, srnce Ule
brain is changing all the time (this is called neuroplasticity). With our mind, we experience the
events and circumstances of life and build these into our brain as actual physical structures
made up of proteins. Understanding this mind-brain-body connection (otherwise known as
psychoneurobiology) is the key to both recognising the effects the pandemic has had on our
brain and biology and empowering ourselves to manage these changes.
2
The mind, or consciousness, is separate, yet inseparable, from the brain. The mind uses the
brain, and the brain responds to the mind. The mind changes the brain. Indeed, there would
be no conscious experience without the brain, but our experience cannot be reduced to the
brain's actions. The mind is energy.
3
When we generate mind energy through thinking, feeling, and choosing, we build thoughts,
which are physical structures in our brain. This is called neuroplasticity. The energy in the brain
changes as the person thinks, and this stimulates neuroplasticity. The brain responds to the
person experiencing "something" with their mind (and in this discussion, the something would
be the pandemic).
4
We need to understand that the brain is an extremely complex neuroplastic responder. Each
time it is stimulated by your mind, it responds in many ways, which include neurochemical,
genetic, and electromagnetic changes. This, in turn, grows and changes structures in the brain,
building or wiring in new physical thoughts. The brain is never the same because it changes
with everv exoerience we have. everv moment of everv d;:iv.
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challenges. The data show that anxiety levels have dramatically increased over the pandemic,
which has impacted how our brains function on a day-to-day level, especially if left
unmanaged over long periods of time. In addition, the negative impact on our brains and
bodies from social isolation (which is often, paradoxically, at odds with our deep r:ieed as
human beings for meaningful connection), the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, the
physical symptoms associated with contracting COVID, financial loss, and grief are incredibly
adverse circumstances, and anxiety and depression are normal responses to these kinds of
situations, not brain malfunctions. In fact, our brains should change in response to adversity.
8
All our experiences are wired into our brains as habits by our mind, and this takes place in
cycles of around 63 days. These habits then become behaviour changes. If the habits and
behaviour are negative, then our mind, brain and body generate emotional and physical
signals to warn us that we need to pay attention to what is happening and process what is
going on, or things may get worse.
9
Over the past year, we all have had many "toxic" pandemic experiences. This m.eanswe have
had plenty of opportunity to wire negative experiences into the brain - experiences that can
impact both our mental and physical health. Not only has the virus created physical changes
in the brains of those who contracted it, but the toxic pandemic situations we have all
experienced and our reactions to these experiences have also changed the brain and body,
right down to the level of our chromosomes.
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processed, they can damage the brain and body, affecting the brainwaves and the oxygen and
blood flow to the different parts of our brain. This, in turn, can manifest as impulsive thinking,
inflexible cognition, reduced creativity, feelings of depression and anxiety, a nagging sense of
dread, and so on.
13
The key to managing these effects is to embrace and rewire the negative thought, not
suppress them or ignore them. We need to transform our fears by embracing, processing and
reconceptualising them. Otherwise, we will transmit them, and they can potentially take over
our thinking and life.
14
I cannot overemphasize the importance of regulating our thoughts. To help people learn how
to do this, I have developed a 5-step system called the Neurocycle. Using the Neurocycle, you
can process trauma and reconceptualise it so that you can cope, begin healing and move
forward. As you do these five steps over cycles of 63 days, you can rewire the toxic patterns
you may have developed during the pandemic into healthy patterns in your brain. In fact, as
yo\\.l progress sequentially through the 5 steps, you arE; essentially driving healing energy
through the brain, increasing coherence between the two sides of the brain and increasing
blood flow to the front of the brain.
15
As you go through the Neurocycle process, remember that you won't solve everything in one
cycle. You will need to do this over at least 63 days, processing a little each day, to see any
kind of sustainable change in your life. I also recommend going through this process with a
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Retrieved and adapted from https://drleaf.com/blogs/news/how-the-covid-pandemic-
changed-our-brains-
how-to-mentally-prepare-for-a-re-opened-society-going-back-to-
normal
1. What does our comprehension of the mind-brain-body connection (psycho neurobiology)
equip people to do?
(4)
2. Why does the author believe that social isolation has a negative effect on our brains
and bodies?
(2)
3. According to the passage, what does a thought consist of?
(2)
4. Explain how the brain may be damaged if negative thoughts about the pandemic are not
managed or dealt with.
(4)
5. Mention two "healthy patterns" that can be rewired into your brain as you do the five
Neurocycle steps over cycles of 63 days.
(4)
6. Give the reason why the author recommends going through the Neurocycle process
with a therapist, counselor, or trusted confidant.
(2)
7. How could both age groups move forward and find healing after the pandemic?
(2)
8. State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE:
8.1. The mind changes or reshapes the brain. [Paragraph 2]
(2)
8.2. Brain malfunction is indicated when adverse circumstances cause anxiety and depression.
[Paragraph 7]
(2)
9. What does the pronoun which in paragraph 3 in the passage refer to?
(2)
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SECTION B: GRAMMAR
Read the passage below and then answer the questions which follow.
The Swakop River floods, reaches the ocean for the first time since 2011
Posted by Chloe Cowley on 16 February 2022
[20 marks]
1
The ephemeral Swakop River is in flood again for the first time since 2011 and is draining into
the Atlantic Ocean 3 •(wear/where) many spectators h·(has/have) gathered along the coast to
take in this rare '·(sight/site).
2
The Namib Desert, which is a combination of sand dunes and d·(bare/bear) rocks,
e·(stretch/stretches) along the west coast of southern Africa. Impermanent rivers
t.(flow/flowing) towards the coast in this arid environment but very rarely 8 ·(reach/rich} the
ocean.
3
The Swakop River is one of h·(these/this} and it ;·(drain/drains) into the Atlantic Ocean a little
south of the town of Swakopmund. On average, it only ever floods every five years which
makes l-(these/this) a remarkable occasion that is attracting a lot of attention.
4
3 ·The flooding Swakop River b·hasturned the '•blue seawater of the d·Atlantic around
Swakopmund e·into a brown sediment-rich colour. Interestingly, the Khoekhoe name for the
rivPr is 'Tc;nmmuh' whirh t;:ikps its mp;:ininP- frnm thP wnrrls 't,nn' mp;:inini:r 'PxrrPmPnt
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the passage:
The Khoekhoe name for the river takes its meaning from the words 'tsoa' and 'xaub'.
3.1. Identify the tense in which the sentence is written.
(1)
3.2. Rewrite the sentence in the following tenses:
3.2.1. The Past Simple Tense
(1)
3.2.2 The Present Perfect Tense
(1)
3.3. Rewrite the sentence in the negative form.
(1)
3.4. Rewrite the sentence as a question.
(1)
SECTIONC: ESSAYAND PARAGRAPHANLYSIS
[30]
Online Education
1.
!1Education is an important part of people's lives; it will either make them or break them in
the future depending on the careers they choose._!! Education is greatly diverse today in comparison
to the 1950s because of advancements in teaching and other great inventions that provide easier
techniques of teaching.~ One major issue that has been raised is on line education. _QOnline education
has been gaining popularity throughout the years because of the ease of the internet, it is cost
effective, and it provides better teaching and learning aids.
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a class can save time and money by doing on line classes. For example, a child of a farmer can help the
family out with the farming chores in the morning. And then go to an online class later. In addition,
children in the movie industry may also take online courses to keep up with their studies while on the
road filming movies. For example, Hillary Duff takes online courses while she films. Also, online
courses provide a cheaper alternative for schools that have a problem with their budget and actual
classroom space. No physical space is essential as discussion on issues is done in chat rooms and
forums where everybody writes their views on the issue. There are many classes offered online which
are equal to or even better than face to face classes.
4.
Other attractive features of the online courses are the teaching and learning aids that can be
used while taking the course. Certain programs can be made to increase the learning experience of
the student, such as flash cards and games. These learning aids can be prepared on the students' time,
and it does not require the teacher to be there. Furthermore, as there is no real person to person
interaction with an instructor, message boards can come in handy. Message boards are in use if the
students need to leave a question or a comment about the subject. WhatsApp can be used effectively
to send urgent messages to acquaintances who live abroad. Also, instructors can record themselves
and the students can download the recording if they miss the session. This gives students the chance
to catch up on a class session. If they missed out on that day.
5.
8 Online education could be the tool of the future to provide the young and the old with
schooling and instruction: it provides a cheaper and conducive way of learning, and it provides better
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B
moving from general to specific
C
using statistics
D
none of the strategies above.
(1)
3. List two main ideas presented in the body paragraphs of the essay above.
Do not copy full sentences; use meaningful key words only.
(2)
4. Identify and write down the fragment sentence in paragraph 2 of the essay above.
(2)
4.1 Correct the fragment sentence identified in paragraph 2 to form a meaningful sentence. (2)
5. Identify two transitional words or phrases that are used to link ideas between paragraphs. (2)
6. Identify two transitional words that are used to connect ideas within Paragraph 4.
(2)
7. Choose the most appropriate answer from the choices given below.
7.1 The first sentence that is underlined in Paragraph 3 is
A
a topic sentence.
B
the first supporting sentence.
C
development of the first supporting sentence.
D
the second supporting sentence.
(1)
7.2 The second sentence that is underlined in Paragraph 3 is
A
a topic sentence.
B
the first supporting sentence.
D
the second supporting sentence.
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it will either make them or break them in the future depending on the careers they choose"
is a comma splice.
(1)
9.2 Paragraph 5 does not have a concluding sentence.
(1)
10. Decide whether the sentence in bold in Paragraph 5 is a fragment, run-on or comma splice. (1)
10.1. Rewrite this sentence (the sentence in bold in Paragraph 5) so that it is grammatically
correct.
(2)
11. There is an irrelevant sentence in both Paragraphs 2 and 4. Identify and write down
these irrelevant sentences.
(2)
12. The sentence below was taken from Paragraph 4. Rewrite it to indicate the topic and
the controlling idea, e.g.
Sentence: Other attractive features of the online courses are the teaching and learning aids
that can be used while taking the course.
(2)
13. Identify a sentence in Paragraph 5 that best summarises the ideas presented in the essay
above by writing down the letter of the correct sentence.
(2)
SECTION D: PARAGRAPH WRITING
[20]
Choose any one of the prompts hereunder and write a body paragraph of about 100-150 words. Pay
attention to structure, coherence, punctuation, and language. Begin the paragraph with a clear and
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