 |
BPM821S - BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - 2ND OPP - JANUARY 2024 |
|
|
1 Page 1 |
▲back to top |
nAml BIA UnlVERSITY
OF SCIEnCE AnDTECHnOLOGY
FacultyofHealth,Natural
ResourceasndApplied
Sciences
Schoolof NaturalandApplied
Sciences
Departmentof Biology,
ChemistryandPhysics
QUALIFICATION : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE HONOURS
QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BOSC
COURSE: BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS AND
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
DATE: JANUARY 2024
DURATION: 3 HOURS
13JacksonKaujeuaStreet T: +264612072012
Private Bag13388
F: •264 612079012
Windhoek
E: dbcp@nust.na
NAMIBIA
W: www.nust.na
LEVEL:8
COURSECODE: BPM821S
SESSION: 1
MARKS: 100
SECOND OPPORTUNITY/ SUPPLEMENTARY: EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER:
MODERATOR:
PROF LAMECH MWAPAGHA
DR EMMANUEL NEPOLO
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer all questions on the separate answer sheet.
2. Please write neatly and legibly.
3. Do not use the left side margin of the exam paper. This must be allowed for the
examiner.
4. No books, notes and other additional aids are allowed.
5. Mark all answers clearly with their respective question numbers.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS:
1. None
This question paper consists of five (5) pages including this front page.
|
|
2 Page 2 |
▲back to top |
Question 1
[17)
The signalling pathway below is responsible for recognizing distinct pathogen-associated molecular
patterns and play a critical role in innate immune responses.
-
~Cy
@ Ca2+
r.. 088 LRAK-1 p p
-1
O O Ublqultln
00
00
oooo
00
O@
Proteasom
C::Jc====::::ic:=::=i
-L~
Pro-apoptotlc ganas
nur77, Gadd45g,
/
C:
Ddlt3, Tia
[lntarlaukln-2]
a) Name the signalling pathway
(1)
b) Briefly describe the activation of the signalling pathway
(11)
c) Outline FIVE (S) functions of the Hedgehog signalling pathway
(S)
Question 2
[19)
a) Describe Epigenetic processes
(3)
b) Distinguish between the following PCR's;
(8)
I. Multiplex PCR:
II. Nested PCR:
Ill. Gradient PCR:
IV. Touchdown PCR:
Biosynthetic Pathways and Molecular Biology (BPM821S) 2nd Opportunity January 2024
2
|
|
3 Page 3 |
▲back to top |
c) Four patients presented with suspected signs of head and neck cancer at the Katutura state
hospital. A biopsy was removed by local excision and examined. Use the correct TNM classification
to describe the four results below;
{8)
I. No information available on primary tumor, nodes not assessed and distant metastasis not
assessed
II. Carcinoma in situ at primary site, no clinically positive nodes (not palpable) and no distant
metastasis
Ill. Tumor 2-4 cm in diameter, single clinically positive ipsilateral (on same side) node less than 3
cm and no distant metastasis
IV. Tumor has invaded adjacent structures, Node or nodes greater than 6 cm and distant
metastasis is present
Question 3
[10]
a) As a visiting Medical scientist, you have been tasked with assisting the lab. to generate specific
primers for the detection clostridium spp. in the local public swimming pool. Briefly delineate FIVE
(5) parameters that you will consider in order to generate the ideal primers.
(5)
b) Describe the process of GPCR desensitization
(S)
Question 4
a) Inositol triphosphate (IP3} and diacylglycerol (DAG) are all small molecules that can be found
inside most cells, yet they are known to be important second messengers that can increase or
decrease in response to a wide variety of signals. However, each signal often produces
completely different responses. Explain how such responses occur based on the signalling
pathway below.
(5)
Biosynthetic Pathways and Molecular Biology {BPM821S) 2nd Opportunity January 2024
3
|
|
4 Page 4 |
▲back to top |
PIP2
--~_j~ \\ .___I-=-----=-}
(a phospholipid)
Ga1p1,0
phosphol.ip...a. se-C
I
.a
oo
/
IP3
DAG
IC=.=.=J (diacylglycerol)
-
.
protein
kinase C
&IP3
sarcoplasmic
reticulum
b) Biomarker development involves multiple processes, linking initial discovery in basic studies,
validation, and clinical implementation. The ultimate goal of the processes is to establish clinically
accessible biomarker tests with clinical utility, informing clinical decision-making to improve
patient outcomes. Name SIX (6) key challenges that maybe envisioned at the clinical
implementation stage of biomarker development.
(6)
Question 5
[11]
a) Outline the effect of deregulation of the retinoblastoma protein Rb on events downstream in
the cell cycle.
(4)
b) A genome sequencing project has identified 10,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms within a
newly derived cell line from a primary metastatic lung tumour. Outline approaches you could take
to identify the factors that contribute to the tumour phenotype.
(7)
Question 6
[12]
a) Briefly describe the following terminologies.
(5)
I. Transamination:
II. Relational database:
Ill. Ubiquitination:
IV. Chaperones:
V. Oncogenesis:
Biosynthetic Pathways and Molecular Biology (BPM821S) 2nd Opportunity January 2024
4
|
|
5 Page 5 |
▲back to top |
b) State SEVEN (7) unique functions of database management systems.
(7)
Question 7
[20]
The image below depicts a microscopic segment of human prostrate epithelium, with each dot
representing a single cell and coloured sections representing cell types with varied histological
descriptions.
Section through a
Dysplasia
blood vessel
...... \\. .............. Clrcinoma in situ (A)
···············
:·..:.:·:.:~-.:.:·.:::·:·;·-:·:···~.·.·..··.·.··.•:.:.-_.:-..:.·:.-:..:•.:.•...·:·:iE:::
·:~=
Clrcinoma in situ (B)
••••. !! ......
\\
-Scale bar
Dysplasia
a) Why is tumour growth limited by distance to the nearest blood vessel?
(2)
b) Outline two possible reasons why two separated areas of carcinoma are seen within this field. (4)
c) What strategies could you use to determine whether the two areas of dysplastic tissue
are different?
(6)
d) Describe FOUR hallmarks of cancer that are likely to be present in carcinoma B. Suggest molecular
changes that could have caused these.
(8)
THE END
Biosynthetic Pathways and Molecular Biology (BPM821S) 2nd Opportunity January 2024
5