IWW821S-INTERGRATED WATER AND WELT MANAGEMENT-1ST OPP-JULY 2024 :: NUST past examination papers between 2020 and 2024

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IWW821S-INTERGRATED WATER AND WELT MANAGEMENT-1ST OPP-JULY 2024

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IWW821S-INTERGRATED WATER AND WELT MANAGEMENT-1ST OPP-JULY 2024

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nAm I BIA UnlVERSITY

OF SCIEnCE AnDTECHnOLOGY

FacultyofHealth,Natural

ResourceasndApplied

Sciences

Schoolof Agricultureand

NaturalResourceSs ciences

Departmentof Natural

ResourceSciences

13JacksonKaujeuaStreet

Private Bag13388

Windhoek

NAMIBIA

T: +264 612072141

E: dnrs@nust.na

W: www.nust.na

QUALIFICATION : BACHELOR of NATURAL RESOURCEMANAGEMENT HONOURS

QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BNRMH

LEVEL:8

COURSE:INTEGRATED WATER AND WETLAND MANAGEMENT COURSECODE: IWW821S

DATE: JULY 2024

SESSION:

DURATION: 3 HOURS

MARKS: 110

SECOND OPPORTUNITY/ SUPPLEMENTARY: QUESTION PAPER

EXAMINER:

MODERATOR:

Ms. Shirley Bethune

Mrs. Ndina Nashipili

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Answer all questions on the separate answer sheet. Note choices.

2. Please write neatly and legibly.

3. Do not use the left side margin of the exam paper. This must be allowed for the examiner.

4. No books, notes and other additional aids are allowed.

5. Mark all answers clearly with their respective question numbers.

6. Read all questions carefully before answering.

PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS

ATTACHMENTS

1. The Criteria for Identifying Wetlands of International Importance sheet.

2. The Mini-SASS Data sheet.

3. Namibian Islands Marine Protected Area Pamphlet

This paper consists of 3 pages including this front page.

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INTEGRATED WATER AND WETLAND MANAGEMENT IWW821S SECOND OPPORTUNITY QUESTION PAPER 2024

QUESTION 1. WETLAND MAP

1-5 Name the dams and the rivers they are on,

6 + 7 Name the lacustrine wetlands,

8 + 9 Name the inland Ramsar Sites,

10 -12 Name the ephemeral lacustrine wetlands, and the rivers 11 and 12 are on

13-14 Name the coastal Ramsar sites,

15 Name the geothermal spring,

[20]

QUESTION 2. INTERNATIONAL WETLAND CONVENTION - RAMSAR

2.1 CHOOSE EITHER A OR B

A The Ramsar representative at MET has asked you to draw up a table to show that the Karst sinkholes and (12)

caves, would qualify as a future Ramsar Site, under the Ramsar category "Karst and other subterranean

Hydrological systems". Prepare this Table, showing six relevant criteria and how the Karst sinkholes

and lakes meet each. Be sure to give both the common and scientific names of the biota you use in

your motivation.

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B When comparing the Walvis Bay bird count results for 2024 that you helped with, to the count of 2023

(12)

there was a clear increase in the numbers of Lesser and Greater flamingos, indicating that they had

breed successfully in Etosha Pan last year. Use the Ramsar Criteria you are given to draw up a table to

show how this Ramsar Site that is so important for the breeding of Namibia's flamingo populations

meets five of the Ramsar Criteria.

2.2 Based on your experience at the Walvis Bay Ramsar site in February and at the Kunene River near the

(4)

Epupa and Ruacana waterfalls, discuss how you can link this year's international World Wetland Day

Theme to your experience at these wetlands.

Which learner excursion did you assist with, discuss two things that you learned from your experience

(4)

with the learners, adding why each will be useful to you in future.

[20]

QUESTION 3. RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT

NATIONAL LEVEL

Write a short essay to explain how the water suppliers at the coast make use of unconventional (10)

water sources to meet the growing demand, discuss the challenges related to these and give

the reasons for the increase in water demand. Conclude by mentioning effective WDM

strategies, that the municipalities of the coastal towns are implementing.

INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

a) Name the three riparian countries that share the Okavango River Basin

(1)

b) Currently there is world-wide concern that activities upstream in Angola and Namibia can threaten the

(4)

integrity or health of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. Write a paragraph to discuss two, current, major

activities, one each the Angolan and Namibian sections of the Okavango River Basin that are likely to

reduce flow into the Okavango Delta. Conclude with the main impacts that reduced water flows will have

on the Delta.

c) Draw a map of the Okavango Delta in Botswana clearly labelling the three main sections and clearly link (6)

this to the type of wetland in each section and how it is related to the flow in the river upstream.

[20]

QUESTION 4. WETLAND RESOURCES MONITORING

4.1 The geography teacher at Ruacana High School would like her Grade 12 learners to test the health of the (16)

Kunene River below the Ruacana Hydro Power Station. She has asked you to suggest a simple method

that her class can use to do this. Please reply by recommending a suitable biomonitoring method

learners can use and say why it is suitable. Carefully explain how it works, and what equipment you

need. Explain how her learners should conduct this practical biomonitoring method.

Use the mini-SASS data sheet given to you to explain how they should record information about the site

as well as their results and how to calculate and interpret their results. Also recommend a suitable, safe

site where they can work and offer to go along to help the first time.

4.2 Explain why the river health condition was better at the site 10km upstream of Epupa that at the site just (2)

downstream of the outlet from the Ruacana Hydro Power station.

4.3 The two school teams that visited Ruacana as part of the World Water Day event also noted that the

(2)

Ruacana falls were dry. Explain why even during the rain season there was no flow over the falls.

[20]

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QUESTION 5. CONSERVATION OF WETLANDS

Read the MFMR pamphlet Namibian Islands Marine Protected Area and recalling what you know from

your lectures and experience at Walvis Bay answer the following questions.

a) How do these marine islands fit into the Ramsar definition of Wetlands?

(2)

b) During Covid the fishery staff who lived on two of these islands to protect the seabird colonies from

(6)

predators such as seals and gulls and people illegally collecting bird eggs were taken off the islands.

There is now concern that the islands are at risk. Briefly prepare a short motivation in your own words

based on the values these islands to Namibia, our fisheries and the birds found on these islands.

c) Four of these islands are important birding areas or IBAs,give the common names of three species of

(7)

seabirds and their IUCN status that nest in colonies on these islands, as well as the species of marine

mammal that is endemic to the Benguela system.

[15]

QUESTION 6. INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

6.1 Based on the river basin that you did your IWRM poster on, discuss water supply to your basin, who

(8)

manages this, the main uses of the water and two main threats your chosen river basin faces.

6.2 In a short essay briefly discuss NamWater's inter-basin transfer of water from the Karstveld to the

(7)

Swakop River Basin to augment the water supply to central Namibia.

You may add a sketch of the layout of the ENWC.

[15]

TOTAL 110

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The Criteria for Identifying Wetlands of

International Importance

Group A. Sites containing representative, rare or unique wetland types

Criterion 1: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it contains a representative, rare,

or un iq.ue example. of.a.natur-al-0-1: near--natu ml-wetland type-foun-0-within-t-he--a pprnpr-iate--biogeo~r-aphic---- --

region.

Group B. Sites of international importance for conserving biological diversity

Criteria based on species and ecological communities

Criterion 2: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it supports vulnerable, endangered,

or critically endangered species or threatened ecological communities.

Criterion 3: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it supports populations of plant

and/or animal species important for maintaining the biological diversity of a particular biogeographic

region.

Criterion 4: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it supports plant and/or animal

species at a critical stage in their life cycles, or provides refuge during adverse conditions.

Specific criteria based on waterbirds

Criterion 5: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it regularly supports 20,000 or

more waterbirds.

Criterion 6: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it regularly supports 1% of the

individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of waterbird.

Specific criteria based on fish

Criterion 7: A wetland should be considered internationally important ifit supports a significant proportion

of indigenous fish subspecies, species or families, life-history stages, species interactions and/or populations

that are representative of wetland benefits and/or values and thereby contributes to global biological

diversity.

Criterion 8: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it is an important source of food for

fishes, spawning ground, nursery and/or migration path on which fish stocks, either within the wetland or

elsewhere, depend.

Specific criteria based on other taxa

Criterion 9: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it regularly supports 1% of the

individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of wetland-dependent non-avian animal species.

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2 Pages 11-20

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Mini-SASS Data sheet

SITEINFORMATION TABLE

River name:

Date (dd/mm/yr):

Site name:

Collector's name:

GPSco-ord Lat(S):

Site description:

, ..

Long(E):

~!lf

School/organisation:

Notes:

•r-

pH:

oc Water temp:

Dissolved oxygen:

mg/I Water clarity: ii,f-) ,JI ,., ..,w.,nin,s,,,,,_.,,,1

Ecological category (Condition)

NATURALCONDITION

(Uncham1ed/untouched - Blue}

GOOD CONDITION

,,,.(Few modifications - Green)

IF~Rm~omoiM

(Some modifications - Orange)

POOR CONDITION

!Lots of modifications - Red)

VERYPOORCONDITION

(Critically modified - Purple)

River Category

Sandy Type

Rocky Type

>6.9

> 7.2

S.9to 6.8

6.2 to 7.2

S.4to S.8

S.7to 6.1

4.8to S.3

S.3 to 5.6

< 4.8

< 5.3

GROUPS

Flatworms

Worms

Leeches

Crabs or shrimps

Stoneflies

Minnow mavflies

Other mayflies

Damselflies

Dragonflies

Bugs or beetles

Caddisflies (cased & uncased)

True flies

Snails

TOTAL SCORE

NUMBER OF GROUPS

AVERAGESCORE

jmlnlSASS Score)

SENSITIVITY

SCORE

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. ,-····"""'•'-".,

commitment to

the health of our

planet and our

future

·jCrom parks to people, a

Ustrong conservation ethic

runs deep in Namibia. Now,

with the proclamationof the

Namibian Islands' Marine

ProtectedArea (MPA),it also

runs deep into the Atlantic

Ocean.

panning 400kmin length

~from Meob Bay in the

north to ChamaisBay in the

south and 30km from the

coastlineintothe sea,the Na-

mibianIslands'MPAhasbeen

establishedto help maintain

lssential ecological and life

support systems; to ensure

the sustainable utilization of

speciesand ecosystems;and

to preservebioticdiversity.

IQ)ut there is more. Ma-

g rine ecosystemsand re-

sources are fundamentalto

the sustainabledevelopment

of coastal countries such as

Namibia,providingfood, min-

erals,pharmaceuticalsa, nd a

vast range of other products.

Theysupporttourismandrec-

reation industries and play

a vital role in transport and

in the culture and lifestyle of

coastal people.

ivenNamibia'sholisticap-

U proach to conservation,

the Namibian Islands' MPA

is also part of our country's

commitmento the protection

and regeneration of marine

resources that contribute to

the socio-economic welfare

of our countrynow andfor fu-

ture generations.

amibia'sfirst

Marine Pro-

SKREJ0NCOASTNA110tW.PARK

c,pef11o'-• •

/s·. --~--·-------..::··--=-=.-..-.;·.~-..·~--_.....

on these isla~ds-antlinshor~ utter zones, sub-dividec

ro'cks, inclu~ing Namibia's into four degreesof pro-

tected Area covers

almostone million

"""'"'""\\

endangered4frican penguins tection, encompassthe Na-

and90%ofth~ world'sendan- mibian Islands' MPA, provid-

hectareso· f marine

andseaareawhere 10

TttlKtBiJO

.......

gered_BanCk prmorants.

ing high protectionstatus for

specific islands, rock lobster

smallislandsand8 more

isletsor rocks,so small

they sometimesappearto

disappearunderhightides,

providesanctuaryto an

astonishingvarietyof life.

The wind-driven Benguela

Current upwelling system

'""'""""\\.""

·, runJRE tl{W NATION,\\LMRK

Ucntic,e,}\\

Swikopmund\\

W1!vl1&,y_.,o

...,...\\\\.

Mffl.l.l,ly\\

~Wlndho:k

and line fishing sanctuaries

~rldwid~, Marine Pro- and limiting certain harmful

t1:1c.ted.A-1reas have affectscausedbymarinemin-

becom·~.popular tools for ing activities.

ecosystem conservation and

aclaptiv,efisheries manage- The marineenvironmentis

ment. Giventheir recognized

critical to the naturaland

legal ~atus, MPAs can fa- culturalheritageof the world.

cilitate!fisheriesmanagement Not only do manymarine ar-

on Namibia'scoast supports

by protecting the habitat of eas support a great diversity

one of the most productive

deplet~d.threatened or en- of plants,animals,andnatural

marine ecosystems in the

danger~d species (including habitats,but the oceans play

world.Thesenutrient-richwa-

• ...crunm~rciallyimportant fish an essential role in climatic

ters nourishfish and provide

stocks~in an effort to restore cycles and other global pro-

importantretentionareasand

t SPERRGEBIETNATIONALPARX and e~hance their popula- · cesses. Protecting our ma-

nursery grounds for juvenile ,__

and larval stages of pelagic

,'\\""''""' .,...

·,.,,y/ \\,,

tipn_s./..:

rine areas is essentialto the

world's environmentahl ealth.

fish, which are important to -

Namibia's fishing industry.

j 01.1111,iffllund

BENGUELACURRENT

.. ---., ____

The rocky areas around the

islandsproviderich inter-tidal right whale dolphin and the

zones and crucial substrate killer whale or area are regu-

for kelp beds which west- larlyseen.

coast rock lobster use for

shelter.

(01haring the waters in the

True to Namibia'sgeologi-

cal strength,these islands

are considered desert is-

Namibian Islands' MPA, lands,supportinglife against

the southernright whale and extremeenvironmentalodds.

Heaviside'sdolphinbreed,the Seabirdsand seals dominate

humpback whale migrates, the islands'landfauna.Ofthe

while the dusky dolphin, the 14 seabird species breeding

minke whale, the southern in Namibia,11species breed

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NAMIBIAN

Benefits of the Namibian Islands'

Marine Protected Area:

° Conservatioonf biodiversitayn_edcosystems

Maintenancoef geneticdiversity

Protectioonf rareorthreatenedsp. etiesandhabitats

Contributiontos scientifjci:kn~Wl~&grr~'.~;_.

Conservatioonf scientificreferencesffes

° Conservatioonfculturahl eritage

0 Educationaolpportunities

Environmentmalonitoring

10 0 10 20

Existinglobster

sanctuaries

;;i No recreational

fishing

MPA·

No haketrawling

<300m

No trawling or

long fining

<200m

No freezertrawlers

< 350m

- 1OO0mdepth

FOR MORE INFORMATIO1N:

'•l.i!?{l'"•I...,-f

il!I . ::

-,~-. WWF ........n....,c._....!...._______

MinistryofFisheries

andMarineResources

....1......:;_.i;_ ___________