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CRM820S-COMMUNITY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-1ST OPP- NOV 2024 |
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nAmlBIA un1VERSITY
OF SCIEn CE Ano TECHn OLOGY
FACULTYOF HEALTH,NATURAL RESOURCESAND APPLIEDSCIENCES
SCHOOLOF AGRICULTUREAND NATURALRESOURCESCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF NATURALRESOURCESSCIENCES
QUALIFICATION:BACHELOROF NATURALRESOURCESMANAGEMENT HONOURS
QUALIFICATIONCODE: 08BNRH
COURSECODE: CRM820S
LEVEL: 8
COURSENAME: COMMUNITY RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
DATE: NOVEMBER 2024
DURATION: 3 HOURS
·MARKS: 120
FIRSTOPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S) Mrs Clarence Ntesa
MODERATOR: Ms Siphiwe Lutibezi
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly.
3. Number the answers clearly.
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
1. Examination question paper
2. Answering book
3. Calculator and Ruler
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 2 PAGES(Excluding this front page)
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QUESTION 1
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is an evolving approach to managing
natural resources. Over the years, a set of principles for a successful CBNRM program has emerged
from the analysis of CBNRM in southern Africa and beyond. Expand on the key CBNRM principles
listed below and critique the implementation of each principle in Namibian conservancies and
community forests (CFs).
1.1. Rights, boundaries and membership.
(7)
1.2. Maximizing the value of wildlife in local decision-making on a level economic playing (7)
field.
1.3. Scaleand sequencing scale- scale down before scaling up through delegated
(7)
aggregation.
[21]
QUESTION 2
Analyze and critique the Nature Conservation Amendment Act No. 5 of 1996, focusing on the gaps,
loopholes, and concerns related to the use and management rights, and conditions granted to
communal conservancies.
[15]
QUESTION 3
Discuss your understanding of sustainable development and explain how Namibia's CBNRM
programs, including conservancies and community forests, contribute to achieving it.
[25]
QUESTION 4
Forest inventories are one of the initial steps toward ensuring Sustainable Forest Management (SFM)
in the Community Forests of Namibia. Define what a forest inventory is, emphasizing its importance
in SFM, and outline the key steps involved in conducting a typical forest inventory, with specific
reference to its application in Namibia's community forests.
[13]
QUESTION 5
In Namibia, wildlife utilization is governed by a highly conservative quota-setting processdesignedto
ensure that wildlife populations are not negatively impacted. Quota setting is essential for communal
conservancies as it enables sustainable wildlife use, generating income to cover game guard salaries
and providing benefits, such as meat, to local communities who coexist with and bear the costs of
living alongside wildlife. Ultimately, it serves as a tool for poverty alleviation and diversifying local
livelihoods.
5.1. Describe the step-by-step process of quota setting and utilization in Namibia's (18)
communal conservancies. You may include a diagram to support your description
(optional).
5.2. Discuss five key principles, rules, and factors that must be considered when setting (10)
quotas. Be sure to explain why each factor is essential in your response.
[28]
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QUESTION 6
Compare and contrast the implementation of CBNRM (wildlife and forestry resources) in Namibia
with that of one of the following countries: Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, or Kenya. Focus on the
following aspects in your analysis:
6.1.
Institutional arrangements for community involvement in the management (9)
of natural resources and devolution of rights to communities
• What institutional structures or arrangements exist for local
communities to engage in the management and use of natural
resources?
• What legal rights are granted to local communities regarding the use
and management of natural resources, according to the legislation?
• To what extent are these rights (management and use of natural
resources) devolved to local communities?
6.2.
Income generation and benefit sharing
(9)
• How are benefits from CBNRM programs shared or distributed?
• Who determines how the benefits from CBNRMprograms are shared or
distributed?
• What percentage of the revenue generated by CBNRM programs is
retained or channeled to rural communities?
(18)
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END OF QUESTION PAPER
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