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IWW821S-INTERGRATED WATER AND WITL MANAGEMENT-1ST OPP- JUNE 2024 |
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IU-UnAmI BIA univERSITY
OF SCIEnCE AnDTECHnOLOGY
FacultyofHealth,Natural
ResourceasndApplied
Sciences
Schoolof Agricultureand
Natural ResourcesSciences
Department of Natural
ResourceSciences
13JacksonKaujeuaStreet
Private Bag13388
Windhoek
NAMIBIA
T: +264 612072141
E: dnrs@nust.na
W: www.nust.na
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR of NATURAL RESOURCEMANAGEMENT HONOURS
QUALIFICATION CODE: 0SBNRMH
COURSE: INTEGRATED WATER AND WETLAND MANAGEMENT
DATE: JULY 2024
LEVEL:8
COURSECODE: IWW821S
SESSION:
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 110
EXAMINER:
MODERATOR:
FIRST OPPORTUNITY: QUESTION PAPER
Ms. Shirley Bethune
Mrs. Ndina Nashipili
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer all questions on the separate answer sheet. Note choices.
2. Please write neatly and legibly.
3. Do not use the left side margin of the exam paper. This must be allowed for the examiner.
4. No books, notes and other additional aids are allowed.
5. Mark all answers clearly with their respective question numbers.
6. Read all questions carefully before answering.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS
1. Non-programmable calculator.
ATTACHMENTS
1. The Criteria for Identifying Wetlands of International Importance sheet.
2. The Mini-SASS Data sheet.
This paper consists of 3 pages including this front page.
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INTEGRATEDWATER AND WETLAND MANAGEMENT IWW821S
FIRSTOPPORTUNITY MEMO 2024
QUESTION 1. WETLAND MAP
1. Name this section of this seasonal river system
(20)
2 and 3 Name the river and where this endoreic river ends
4. Name these ephemeral lacustrine wetlands
5. Name this lacustrine lake
6. Name this westward flowing ephemeral river
7 - 11 Name the dams 7 and give the name of the river each one is on
12 Name this waterfall you visited.
13 Name this coastal Ramsar Site
14 Name this eastward flowing ephemeral river
15 Name this inland Ramsar Site.
[20]
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QUESTION 2. INTERNATIONAL WETLAND CONVENTION - RAMSAR
2.1 CHOOSE EITHER A OR B
A The middle or lishana section of the Cuvelai System is largely unprotected and yet it is important as (10)
the main water supply to the Etosha Pan Ramsar Site. Use the attached Ramsar Criteria to prepare a
table, to summarize five Ramsar criteria that it meets and then clearly motivate how it meets each.
OR
B You visited the Walvis Bay wetlands this year to help with the summer bird count, recall your
experience and draw up a table, to briefly list each relevant criterion and to motivate how and why
this Ramsar Site meets the Ramsar Criteria using the attached Ramsar Criteria.
2.2 Based on your experience on at the WWWDay event in Opuwo, prepare a short newspaper article
(10)
for "The Namibian" on this year's themes for World Wetland and Wetland days. Link it clearly to
four main points from the messages of the Honourable Ministers of MEFT and MAWLR. Provide a
catchy title. Describe the photograph you will use to illustrate your article and give a caption.
[20]
QUESTION 3. RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT
3.1 NATIONAL LEVEL
a) Name any two established river basin management committees that try to ensure that the water
(2)
and other wetland resources of ephemeral rivers are conserved, used sustainably, monitored, and
managed well.
b) Explain what is meant by Water Demand Management and why this it is important to implement
(3)
Water Demand Management in Namibia. Motivate with clear examples.
c) Based on your own observations traveling back along the Kuiseb River after the coastal excursion,
(5)
and what Mr. Paisley Gariseb told you at Rooibank, and from the lecture on the KBMC list five
threats that the Kuiseb River Basin/ NamWater or the KBMC face.
3.2 INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
You were fortunate to meet Mr. Silvanus Uunona at the World Water and Wetland days event in
(10)
Opuwo. Name the commission giving both the abbreviation and the full name that he is the acting
Executive Secretary of, name the four sub-basins that we have in Namibia and discuss why
international management of this river system is important to us in Namibia.
[20]
QUESTION 4. WETLAND RESOURCESMONITORING
4.1 The owner of the Epupa Lodge where we camped has asked you if you can tell him about a simple
(16)
biomonitoring method that he and his staff can use to compare the Health of the Kunene River
above and below the Epupa Falls. Advise him of a suitable method that you have used. Carefully
explain how it works, and what equipment you need. Explain how he and his staff should conduct
this practical biomonitoring method, and using the mini-SASSdata sheet explain how he should and
calculate and interpret his results. Recommend good sites up and downstream that he could use.
4.2 Explain what your results were at the Ete site 10 kms upstream of the falls and recommend a site
(2)
downstream that he could use to compare with the upstream site at Ete.
Explain why the water clarity at the site 10km upstream of Epupa was lower than at the site (2)
just downstream of the outlet from the Ruacana Hydro Power station.
[20]
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QUESTION 5. ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS
Internationally river basin management is the responsibility of River Basin Management
Commissions like the Permanent Okavango River Basin Commission, OKACOM. Use what you have
learnt about the Environmental Flows Assessment of the Okavango River, based on the OKACOM
study led by Dr Jackie King, to answer the following questions.
5.1 Sketch a typical hydrograph, for the Okavango River at Rundu to show the four stages for the flood- (5)
pulsed Okavango River.
5.2 Explain how the different levels of water use scenarios for the Environmental Flows Assessment on (5)
the Okavango River Basin were decided.
5.3 Discussthe main social impact that was identified by the Environmental Flows Assessment of the
(4)
Okavango River Basin. Quantify the losses in US$, identified for each water-use scenario.
5.4 What award did Dr Jackie King win for her work worldwide on environmental flows?
(1)
(15]
QUESTION 6. INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
6.1 Based on the river basin that you did your IWRM poster on, discuss water supply to your basin, who (7)
manages this, the main uses of the water and two main threats your chosen river basin faces.
6.2 Integrated Water Resources Management includes linking ground and surface water
(8)
supplies as well as linking conventional and unconventional water supplies. Write an essay
to describe the Omdel groundwater scheme within the overall context of the central coastal
water supply scheme, to show how these links are used to overcome the challenge of water
supply in the desert.
(15]
TOTAL 110
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Mini-SASS Data sheet
River name:
Site name:
GPSco-ord Lat(S):
Site description: ,. .:r,,1 1
SITEINFORMATION TABLE
Date [dd/mm/yr):
Collector's name:
Long(E):
School/organisation:
Notes:
!
pH:
oc Water temp:
Dissolved oxygen:
mg/I Water clarity: info a1v.·,w "''"'"''"-'">t
Ecologicalcategory (Condition)
NATURALCONDITION
(Unchamied/untouched- Blue}
GOOD CONDITION
(Few modifications - Green}
IFABCRO~DmOll)J
(Some modifications - Orange)
POOR CONDITION
(Lots of modifications - Redl
VERY POOR CONDITION
(Critically modified - Purple)
River Category
Sandy Type
Rocky Type
>6.9
> 7.2
S.9to 6.8
6.2 to 7.2
S.4to5.8
5.7 to 6.1
4.8to 5.3
5.3 to 5.6
<4.8
< 5.3
GROUPS
Flat worms
Worms
Leeches
Crabs or shrimps
Stonetlies
Minnow mavflies
Other mayflies
Damselflies
Draeonflies
Bue:sor beetles
Caddisflies (cased & uncased)
True flies
Snails
TOTAL SCORE
NUMBER OF GROUPS
AVERAGESCORE
jmlnlSASS Score)
SENSITIVITY
SCORE
3
2
2
6
17
5
11
4
6
5
9
2
4
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j;j/:·t·:{~tJ:i~.,t~~~i~
<t~
The Criteria for Identifying Wetlands of
International Importance
Group A. Sites containing representative, rare or unique wetland types
Criterion I: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it contains a representative. rare.
or unique example of a natural or near-natural wetland type found within the appropriate biogeographic
region.
Group B. Sites of international importance for conserving biological diversity
Criteria based on species and ecological communities
Criterion 2: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it supports vulnerable, endangered.
or critically endangered species or threatened ecological communities.
Criterion 3: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it supports populations of plant
and/.or animal species important for maintaining the biological diversity of a particular biogeographic
region.
Criterion 4: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it supports plant and/or animal
species at a critical stage in their life cycles, or provides refuged uring adverse conditions.
Specific criteria based on waterbirds
Criterion 5: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it regularly supports 20,000 or
more waterbirds.
Criterion 6: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it regularly supports 1% of the
individuals in a population of one species oi- subspecies of waterbird.
Specific criteria based on fish
Criterion 7: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it supports a significant proportion
of indigenous fish subspecies, species or families, life-history stages, species interactions and/or populations
that are representative of wetland benefits and/or values and thereby contributes to global biological
diversity.
Criterion 8: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it is an important source of food for
fishes, spawning ground, nursery and/or migration path on which fish stocks, either within the wetland or
elsewhere, depend.
Specific criteria based on other taxa
Criterion 9: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it regularly supports 1% of the
individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of wetland-dependent non-avian animal species.