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BBE612C-BUSINESS ETHICS-1ST OPP-JUNE 2022 |
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nAmlBIA UnlVERSITY
OF SCIEn CE Ano TECHn OLOGY
FACULTYOFCOMMERCEH, UMANSCIENCEAS ND EDUCATION
CENTREFOR ENTERPRISEDEVELOPMENT{CED)
QUALIFICATION CODE:06DBPM
COURSECODE BBE612C
LEVEL:6
COURSENAME: BUSINESSETHICS
DATE:JUNE 2022
MODE: PM
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100
EXAMINER{S)
MODERATOR:
FIRSTOPPORTUNITYEXAMINATION PAPER
Ms O.N Kangandjo
Ms J Hambabi
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly.
3. Number the answers clearly.
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
1. Examination paper
2. Examination script
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 8 PAGES(INCLUDING THIS FRONT PAGE)
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!SECTION A)
Question 1
[20 x 2 = 40 Marks]
Multiple choice questions from 1 - 20. Indicate the letter of the correct answer next to the
corresponding question number. For example, 1.2 D.
1.1 Which of the following issues is not investigated by Business Ethics?
A. Public Education issues
B. Systemic issues
C. Corporate issues.
D. Individual issues.
1.2 Moral standards can be distinguished from non-moral standards using the following
characteristics:
A. They deal with matters that can seriously injure or benefit humans.
B. Are not established or changed by authoritative bodies.
C. They are based on impartial considerations.
D. All the above
1.3 Example of negative rights:
A. Right to privacy
B. Right to medical care
C. None of the above
D. All of the above
1.4 Which statement is not true of Kant's categorical imperative:
A. We should act only on maxims that can be universally accepted and acted upon.
B. The inability to universalize the maxim of an act may sometimes be ignored if the
act in question will produce the greatest good for the greatest number.
C. Universalization of maxims prohibits us from giving our personal point of view
privileged status over the points of view of others.
D. Our fundamental ethical duty is to treat other human beings as autonomous
persons who may choose their own ends and purposes, not simply as means for
the ends of others.
1.5 Which statements are characteristic of Virtue Ethics?
A. Our character traits are easily modified, almost on a day-to-day basis if we so
choose.
B. Even if a person is caring, empathetic, charitable and sympathetic, the
challenge of excessive self-interest is still a factor in his or her decision-making.
C. All of the above.
D. None of the above.
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1.6 According to John Lockeor his followers,
A. free markets are best because of their superior productivity and efficiency.
B. free markets are best because they best preserve negative liberty and property
rights.
C. since free markets violate positive health and welfare rights they should be
eliminated.
D. governments have an unlimited moral authority to regulate commerce and
trade.
1.7 Immorality of sexual harassment:
A. inflicts psychological harm on the harassed individual.
B. Is an unjust use of the unequal power that an employer or supervisor wields
over an employee.
C. None of the above.
D. A and B
1.8 "It might be true that society as a whole would benefit by having some group
discriminated against" is a/an __ argument for discrimination.
A. Kantian
B. Capitalist
C. Utilitarian
D. Communist
1.9 In this view, the employee's main moral duty is to work toward the goals of the firm.
This view is referred to as:
A. Law of Legitimacy
B. Law of Structure
C. Law of Agency
D. Law of Duty
1.10 Risks are sometimes unavoidable and acceptable, as long as:
A. Employees are not coerced
B. Employees are fully compensated for assuming them and they do so freely and
knowingly
C. No one else has the expertise to do the work
D. All the above
1.11 Institutionalised discrimination:
A. is based on the prejudices or morally offensive attitudes shared by a group.
B. is always intentional
C. can be the act of a single individual
D. all of the above
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1.12 Which statement does not describe an ethical rule governing contracts
A. Both parties to a contract must have full knowledge of the agreement.
B. Neither party to a contract must intentionally misrepresent the facts.
C. The contract must not bind the parties to an immoral act.
D. Contracts must bind individuals or agents only; they do not apply to governments.
1.13 Under strict liability, which of the following is true?
A. Absence of negligence or having exercised "due care" excuses the producer from
liability for damages caused by their products.
B. Absence of knowledge of the product's potential for the harmful effects excuses
the producer from liability for these harmful effects.
C. Both of the above.
D. None of the above
1.14 Which of the following questions are addressed by all economic systems?
A. What goods and services should be produced?
B. How much of each good and service should be produced?
C. How should the goods and services be distributed?
D. All of the above.
1.15 Kevin and his friends dislike their seventh-grade math teacher. They decide to scratch
his car in the school parking lot. Kevin knows that this is wrong but doesn't want his
friends to think he isn't part of their group. According to KohIberg, what stage of moral
reasoning is Kevin in?
A. Law and Order Orientation
B. Social Contract Orientation
C. Punishment and Obedience Orientation
D. Interpersonal Concordance Orientation
1.16 Business Ethics advocates that when corporate organizations commit moral or
immoral acts the following should happen
A. Human individuals should be held responsible because they are the primary
carriers of moral duties and moral responsibilities.
B. Corporate organizations should be held responsible in the secondary sense.
C. A & B
D. None of the above
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1.17 Seniority based promotion and lay-off practices, according to Velasquez,
A. are illegal in most jurisdictions.
B. being race and sex neutral have no discriminatory effects.
C. are race neutral but not sex neutral.
D. tend to perpetuate inequities caused by past discrimination
1.18 Ethical violations destroy:
A. nothing.
B. jobs.
C. trust
D. profits
1.19 A firm's main moral duty to its employees is to provide them with:
A. clean working environment
B. friendly supervisors
C. medical and dental insurance
D. fair wage and fair working conditions
1.20 The most fascinating argument for bringing ethics into business is the prisoner's
dilemma.
A. If both choose not to cooperate, neither gets the benefit.
B. If one cooperates while the other chooses not to cooperate, the one who
cooperates suffers a loss while the one who chooses not to cooperate gains a
benefit.
C. All of the above.
D. None of the above.
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Question 2
[10 Marks]
Indicate whether the following statements are True or False. Answer all the questions in
the answer booklet provided. Indicate true or false next to the corresponding number(s)
2.1 Supply and demand regulates production and exchange in a free market,
according to Adam Smith
2.2 David Ricardo presented the theory of absolute advantage.
2.3 Advertising is a massive multi-billion-dollar-a-year industry whose costs are
ultimately borne by the business firms who produce the advertised products.
2.4 According to Karl Marx, the actual function that governments have served in
capitalist economies is that of protecting the interests of the ruling economic class.
2.5 Negative rights are defined entirely in terms of the duties others have not to
interfere with you.
2.6 The second stages of moral development are known as the conventional stages.
2.7 By obeying the law you are being ethical.
2.8 A person is morally responsible for an injury if a person did not inflict the injury or
the wrong out of his own free will.
2.9 The extents to which mitigating circumstances can diminish an agent's
responsibility depend on the lightness of the injury.
2.10 A video machine is an intrinsic good.
Total
10 Marks
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!SECTIONBl
Question 3
[40 Marks]
3.1
The fact that political tactics are usually covert means that they can easily become
deceptive or manipulative and therefore unethical. Identify five examples of political
tactics used in organizations.
(10)
3.2
Employees have some rights, in any case. Because of technical innovations, the right
to privacy is under attack more than ever before. Employees' rights to privacy must
be balanced against employers' rights to know certain information about their
activities. Three elements are relevant when considering this balance, what are they?
(6)
3.3
The most common criticism of advertising concerns is its effect on the consumer's
beliefs, because advertising is a form of communication, it can be as truthful or
deceptive as any other form of communication. In what ways can advertising be
deceptive?
(16)
3.4
A dishwasher knows that the restaurant's chef typically reheats three or four day old
food and serves it as fresh to customers. Since she believes that the serving of old
food is injurious to the society, she reported the matter to the manager and the
manager told her to forget about it. As an employee with a sense of moral
responsibility, what should she do?
(5)
3.5
When one deliberately keeps oneself ignorant to escape responsibility, that ignorance
does not excuse the wrongful injury. When is a person morally responsible for an
injury or a wrong?
(3)
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Question 4
Read the case below and answer the questions below the case
(10 Marks]
PollutersDilemma
Jonica Gunson is the environmental compliance manager for a small plastics manufacturing
company. She is currently faced with the decision whether or not to spend money on new
technology that will reduce the level of a particular toxin in the wastewater that flows out the
back of the factory and into a lake.
The factory's emission levels are already within legal limits. However, Jonica knows that
environmental regulations for this particular toxin are lagging behind scientific evidence. In
fact, a scientist from the university had been quoted in the newspaper recently, saying that if
emission levels stayed at this level, the fish in the lakes and rivers in the area might soon have
to be declared unsafe for human consumption.
Further, if companies in the region don't engage in some self-regulation on this issue, there
is reason to fear that the government - backed by public opinion - may force companies to
begin using the new technology and may also begin requiring monthly emission level reports
(which would be both expensive and time consuming).
But the company's environmental compliance budget is tight. Asking for this new technology
to be installed would put Jonica's department over-budget, and could jeopardize the
company's ability to show a profit this year.
Source: http://www.businessethics.ca/cases/pollutersdilemmal.html
4.1 Asses the case from the following perspectives, if the company decides not to spend
money on the new technology?
(a) Utilitarian
{2)
(b) Kantian rights
(4)
(c) Justice
{2)
(d) Ethics of care
{2)
END OF QUESTIONPAPER
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