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GEP521S - GASTROINTESTINAL AND ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY - 1ST OPP - NOVEMBER 2024 |
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n Arn I BI A u ni VERs ITY
OF SCIEnCE AnDTECHnOLOGY
FacultyofHealth,Natural
ResourceasndApplied
Sciences
Schoolof HealthSciences
Departmentof Preventative
HealthSciences
13JacksonKaujeuaStreet T: +264612072970
Private Bag13388
F: +264612079970
Windhoek
E: dphs@nust.na
NAMIBIA
W: www.nust.na
QUALIFICATION : BACHELOR OF HUMAN NUTRITION
QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BOHN
LEVEL:5
COURSE:GASTROINTESTINAL AND ENDOCRINE
PHYSIOLOGY
COURSECODE: GEP521S
DATE: NOVEMBER 2024
SESSION: 1
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100
FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION: QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER:
MODERATOR:
DR. PENEHAFOHAITAMBA-SHINDUME
MR. GEORGEWALIOMUZIBU
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer all questions on the separate answer sheet.
2. Please write neatly and legibly.
3. Do not use the left side margin of the exam paper. This must be allowed for the
examiner.
4. No books, notes and other additional aids are allowed.
5. Mark all answers clearly with their respective question numbers.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS:
1. No Permissible material
This question paper consists of 7 pages including this front page
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~S:;;EC;;;;T;M;;;;;-I;O;:;:;-;";UN~;:;l;-";'"-:-;"';-';.;;;AP;:-;-:;-L;';~:;;;;;;;:;~~';:;;N;;-;-;';-'G-'I~Q"'-U-';;ES=--'T'-'-1O"'-N'-'-S"'----=====---;;:-:=-;:;:;;;;';:;:;;;;;;;
QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICEQUESTIONS
(10 MARKS]
Evaluate the statements/questions in each numbered section and select the most
appropriate answer or phrase from the given possibilities. Fill in the appropriate letter next
to the number of the correct statement/phrase on your ANSWERSHEET.
[10]
1.1 Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food that is consumed:
A) Mucosa
B) Muscularis
C) Serosa
D) Submucosa
1.2 The enteric plexus is found in the:
A) Submucosa layer
B) Muscularis layer
C) Serosa layer
D) Both a and b
E) All the above.
1.3 Which of the stomach cell types is not correctly matched with its function:
A) Surface mucosa cells: produce mucous.
B) Parietal cells: produce hydrochloric acid.
C) Chief cells: produce intrinsic factor.
D) Endocrine cells: produce regulatory hormones.
1.4 Given these parts of the small intestine:
1. Duodenum
2. Ileum
3. Jejunum
Choose the arrangement that lists the parts in the order how food encounters them as it
passes through the small intestine.
A) 1,2,3
B) 1,3,2
C) 2,1,3
D) 2,3,1
E) 3,1,2
Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Physiology (GEP521S)
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1.5 Which of these might occur if a person suffers from a severe case of hepatitis that impairs
liver function:
A) Fat digestion is difficult.
B) By-products of haemoglobin breakdown accumulate in the blood.
C) Plasma proteins decrease in concentration.
D) Toxins in the blood increase.
E) All of the above.
1.6 Which of these occurs as a response to a thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid gland):
A) Increased calcitonin secretion
B) Increased T3 and T4 secretion
C) Decreased TRH secretion
D) Increased TSH secretion
1.7 Oxytocin is responsible for:
A) Preventing milk release from the mammary glands.
B) Preventing goiter.
C) Causing contraction of the uterus.
D) Maintaining normal calcitonin levels.
E) Increasing metabolic rate.
1.8 LH and FSH:
A) Are produced in the hypothalamus.
B) Production is increased by TSH.
C) Promote the production of gametes and reproductive hormones:
D) Inhibit the production of prolactin
E) All of the above.
1.9 The adrenal medulla:
A) Produces steroids
B) Has cortisol as its major secretory product
C) Decreases its secretions during exercise
D) Is formed from a modified portion of the sympathetic ANS
E) All of the above.
1.10 Which of these hormones is not a hormone secreted into the
hypothalamohypophysial portal system:
A)GHRH
B)TRH
C) PIH
D)GnRH
Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Physiology (GEP5215)
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E) ACTH
QUESTION 2: MATCH EACH ANSWER
[10 MARKS]
2.1 Match each endocrine gland with its germ layer origin. Write each answer on your sheet
by listing the gland and next to it the germ layer origin: (One mark each)
(5)
Endocrine Gland
1. Gonads
2. Pineal gland
3. Thyroid gland
4. Adrenal cortex
5. Pituitary gland (Posterior)
Germ Layer
a) Endoderm
b) Mesoderm
c) Ectoderm
2.2 Match each digestive juice with its enzyme, the substance it acts on, and the end product.
One mark for a full correct answer.
(5)
Digestive juice
Saliva
Gastric juice
Pancreatic juice
Bile
Intestinal juice
Enzyme
Lipase
Amylase
Pepsin
Trypsin
Bile salts
Substance Produced
Fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates
End Product
Amino acids
Simple sugars
Glycerol and Fatty
acids
Smaller peptides
Glucose
SECTION B: SHORT /LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Pleaseanswer ALLthe questions in this section.
QUESTION 3:
[20 MARKS]
3.1 Propose 5 functions of the Liver.
(5)
3.2 Describe the following reactions that take place during the phase 1 detoxification
pathway in the liver:
a)
Oxidation
(2)
b)
Hydrolysis
(2)
3.3 Explain the 3 main functions of the enteric nervous system.
(3)
3.4 Elaborate on 3 main functions of the microbiome in our gut.
Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Physiology(GEP521S)
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(6)
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3.4 Discuss the following pathological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract:
(2)
a) Hepatitis
b) Crohn's Disease
QUESTION 4:
[20 MARKS]
4.1 Propose 5 functions of the endocrine system.
(5)
4.2 List the 4 main chemical structures of hormones.
(4)
4.3 What is the difference between a positive feedback loop and a negative feedback loop
system?
(2)
4.4 Mention all 8 Pituitary Hormones.
(8)
4.5 Which pancreatic cells produce the hormone insulin?
(1)
QUESTION 5:
[10 MARKS]
Draw the phase 1 and phase 2 liver detoxification flow chart listing all the major processes,
enzymes and end products involved.
QUESTION 6:
[10 MARKS]
1. Give the name of the following feedback loop.
(2)
2. Is it a negative a or a positive feedback loop?
(2)
3. Draw and label the empty spaces of the processes taking place within this feedback
loop.
(6)
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pt Opportunity-Nov2024
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STIMULUS
Rising calcium
levels
omeostasis: Calcium of
D blood 9-11 mg/100 ml
I.
J
STIMULUS
Falling
calcium levels
.________,I.___I_---,-,..,
-----_( _ )..-'
QUESTION 7:
[10 MARKS]
A 22-year-old NUSTstudent, John, comes to the health centre complaining of diarrhoea that has
lasted for three days. He reports having watery stools about six times a day and feeling fatigued.
John mentions that he recently ate at a street vendor and has also experienced mild stomach
cramps. He is worried about dehydration because he hasn't been drinking much water.
7.1 Based on John's symptoms and recent eating habits, what are some possible causes of his
diarrhoea?
(2)
7.2 Suggest signs of dehydration should John be aware of? Why is hydration important in this
situation?
(2)
7.3 Propose are some steps John can take to manage his diarrhoea and prevent dehydration? (2)
7.4 Under what circumstances should John consider seeing a doctor about his diarrhoea? (2)
7.5 What foods or fluids should John consume while recovering from diarrhoea? What
should he avoid?
(2)
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QUESTION 8: Case Study
[10 MARKS]
Maria is a 28-year-old woman who recently visited her doctor due to fatigue and increased
thirst. She has noticed that she has been gaining weight over the past year, particularly around
her abdomen. Maria's family has a history of type 2 diabetes. Her doctor performed blood tests
that showed elevated fasting blood glucose levels and increased insulin levels, indicating insulin
resistance.
8.1 Explain what insulin resistance means and how it affects blood sugar levels.
(2)
8.2 Based on Maria's background and symptoms, what are some potential causes of
her insulin resistance?
(2)
8.3 Mention health risks are associated with insulin resistance, especially in relation to diabetes?
(2)
8.4 Suggest lifestyle changes can Maria make to help manage her insulin resistance?
(2)
8.5 How should Maria monitor her condition, and when should she consider following up with
her doctor?
(2)
END OF QUESTION PAPER
Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Physiology (GEP5215)
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1st Opportunity-Nov2024