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WWR711S- WATER AND WETLAND RESOURCES MAN - 2ND OPP - JULY 2023 |
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nAmI BI AunIVE RSITY
OF SCIEnCE
TECHnOLOGY
Faculty of Health, Applied Science and Natural Resources
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCESSCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCESCIENCES
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
QUALIFICATION CODE: 07BNTC
COURSE CODE: WWR711S
LEVEL: 7
COURSE NAME: Water and Wetland Resources
Management
DATE: July 2023
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 150
EXAMINER(S)
SECOND OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
Mr R. Kavari
MODERATOR:
Mrs. N. Nashipili
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly.
3. Number the answers clearly.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS
1. Examination question paper
2. Answering book
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 4 PAGES (Including this front page)
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QUESTION 1
Terminology
A: Define the following terminologies, using realistic examples from Namibia or Southern Africa:
1.1
Water purification
(2)
1.2
Wetlands
(2)
1.3
Water deficit
(2)
1.4
Water and Wetland Resources Management
(2)
1.5
Euphotic zone
(2)
B:
Give a correct word/term for the following:
1.6
A water utility that is responsible for bulk water supply in Namibia.
(1)
1.7
The measure of how muddy the water is or the measure of suspended solid particles
in the water.
(1)
1.8
Weathering of limestone by water.
(1)
1.9
A type of wetland referred to as standing water that is well vegetated, such as Vieis
and Marshes, Springs and Seeps (rainwater pools in Zambezi, Gai-Ais spring etc.).
(1)
1.10
A term used to describe fish species that are adapted to living in fast flowing water.
(1)
1.11
A set of conditions a wetland must meet to qualify as an internationally important
wetland.
(1)
1.12
An ephemeral river with its source (upper-stream) in Khomas Highland and its mouth
at Walvis Bay (Atlantic Ocean).
(1)
1.13
An area of land, bounded by natural features such as hills or mountains from which
surface and sub surface water flows into rivers and lakes. Water flows into, and
collects in, the lowest areas in the landscape.
(1)
1.14
A substance produced as a by-product during the anaerobic process where bacteria
decompose organic materials at the sea floor/benthic.
(1)
1.5
Groundwater that remains deep underground although it is visible from the surface
e.g. sinkhole lakes such as the Otjikoto lake and wells.
(1)
[20]
QUESTION 2
Namibia's Water Resources
2.1
Use realistic examples to assessand evaluate the progress made in Namibia with
reference to water resources management.
(10)
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2.2
Water scarcity is a constraint on national development in Namibia. Use realistic
examples to elaborate this statement.
(5)
[15]
QUESTION 3
Ramsar Convention
3.1
Explain the benefits of designating a certain wetland as a Ramsar site.
(5)
3.2
Explain how Bwabwata-Mahango core area (Lower Okavango River section in
Namibia) meets the Ramsar criteria.
(5)
[10]
QUESTION 4
Coastal Wetlands
4.1
Explain the impact of the upwelling system along the west coast of Namibia.
(5)
4.2
Discuss the conservation issues/concerns on the Desert coastal wetlands of Namibia. {10)
4.3
What are the values of coastal wetlands to birds in Namibia?
(5)
[20]
QUESTION 5
Riverine Wetlands
5.1
Discuss any five conservation issues on the Zambezi River systems.
(5)
5.2
Discuss any five conservation concerns on the Kunene River.
(5)
Briefly, discuss the flow regime of the Okavango River. Also include, where and how
5.3
the Kavango River is protected.
{10)
5.4
Explain how ephemeral rivers and their catchments sustain people and development
in western Namibia. Use realistic examples.
{10)
[30]
QUESTION 6
Lacustrine Wetlands
6.1
Discuss the process of eutrophication and its threats to artificial lentic wetland
systems such as impoundments/dams.
{10)
6.2
Clearly explain how sinkhole lake and caves are formed. In addition, discuss how the
formation of lakes and caves enhance groundwater recharge in the Karst area in
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Namibia.
(7)
6.3
Use realistic examples in Namibia, to explain what floodplain lakes are.
(3)
[20]
QUESTION 7
Palustrine Wetlands
7.1 The ephemeral rainwater pools are important palustrine wetlands where certain species
survives the drying up periods of these pools. One of those species is the endemic Caprivi Killifish.
Write a brief note; where you indicate the conservation status of the Caprivi Killifish, in which
conservancy it occurs, how it survives the drying up of ephemeral rainwater pools and the main
anthropogenic activity that threaten the survival of this species.
(6)
7.2 Briefly, discuss the ecological values of seeps and springs in Namibia.
(4)
7.3 Clearly, explain any five conservation issues affecting the palustrine wetlands in Namibia.
Use relevant examples.
(10)
[20]
QUESTION 8
Integrated Water Resources Management
8.1 Name any five parameters and or variables that you can monitor to ensure successful
management of water and wetland resources.
(5)
8.2 Evaluate the concept and value of river basin management at national and international
level.
(10)
[15]
End
TOTAL [150]
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