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WAS512S - WATER AND SANITATION - 2ND OPP - JANUARY 2024 |
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nAmtBIA UnlVERSITY
OF science AnDTeCHnOLOGY
FacultyofHealth,Natural
ResourceasndApplied
Sciences
Schoool f HealthSciences
DepartmentofPreventative
HealthSciences
13JacksonKaujeuaStreet T: +264612072970
Private Bag13388
F: +264612079970
Windhoek
E: dphs@nust.na
NAMIBIA
W:www.nust.na
QUALIFICATION : BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
QUALIFICATIONCODE: 0SBOHS
COURSE:WATER AND SANITATION
LEVEL:5
-
COURSECODE: WAS512S
DATE: JANUARY 2024
SESSION: 1
DURATION: 3 HOUR
MARKS: 100
SUPPLEMENTARY/SECOND OPPORTUNITY: QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER:
MODERATOR:
MRS MOUYELELEHAUF/KU
MRS CHARMAINEJANSEN
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer all questions on the separate answer sheet.
2. Please write neatly and legibly.
3. Do not use the left side margin of the exam paper. This must be allowed for the
examiner.
4. No books, notes and other additional aids are allowed.
5. Mark all answers clearly with their respective question numbers.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS:
1. Non-Programmable Calculator
ATTACHEMENTS
1. None
This paper consists of 5 pages including this front page
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·sECTION-A75HoRf ANSWER QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
(40 MARKS)
[10 MARKS]
1.0 Fill in the missing terms/concepts
1.1 ______
that portion of rain water which has percolated into earth to forms
underground deposit or water bearing soil formation called aquifers.
[1]
1.2________
Is that level in the earth's crust where all the voids in the soils and
rocks are filled with water and from which water will flow freely.
[1]
1.3_________
is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to remove waste
organic matter from water in the process of decomposition by aerobic bacteria.
[1]
1.4 _________
Water is heated to steam, which is then cooled and collected as
liquid, leaving behind microorganisms and many other contaminants.
[1]
1.5 _______
Water is passed through a membrane filter with very small pores under
high pressure to remove minerals and contaminants, including all microorganisms.
[1]
l.6 _________
The most common route of transmission of gastrointestinal disease
where the disease-causing organism is excreted in the faeces and faecal matter containing the
causative organisms finds its way to the mouth or the same or another individual either.
[1]
1.7 _________
a point where groundwater emerges at the surface of the ground),
from where the water can be piped to consumers.
[1]
1.8 _______
Excreta, water and other waste put down a drain.
[1]
1.9 _____________
simply means collecting, or harvesting, rainwater as it
runs off from hard surfaces and storing it in a tank or cistern.
[1]
1.10 ____________
It is also called clarification.
[1]
QUESTION 2
[10 MARKS]
2.0 Define the following terms/concepts in the context of Water and Sanitation.
2.1 Aquifer
[1]
2.2 Turbidity
[1]
2.3 Filtration
[1]
2.4 Ozonation
[1]
2.5 Sewerage
[1]
2.6 Sewer
[1]
2.7 Permeable.
[1]
2.8 Anaerobic pond
[1]
Water and Sanitation (WAS512S)
2nd Opportunity January 2024
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2.9 Sanitation
(1)
2.10 Black water
(1)
QUESTION3
(10 MARKS]
3.0 Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given. Write the question number with
the correct letter to the answer.
3.1 According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the water source has to be within.
[1]
a) 1000 m of the house
b) 1500 m of the house
c) 200 m of the house
d) 3000 m of the house
3.2 Water that is free from pathogens which are introduced to the water through faeces,
dirty containers and safe for drinking is called.
[1]
a) Palatable water
b) Potable water
c) Raw water
d) Colourless water
3.3 This hardness is due to the presence of carbonates of calcium and magnesium and can be
removed by boiling.
[1)
a) Permanent hardness
b) Acute hardness
c) Reversible hardness
d) Temporary hardness
3.4 All the following are disadvantages of ground water, except.
[1]
a) Usually requires pumping for extraction
b) Likely to be contaminated by dust and dirt
c) May have a high level of bicarbonate, carbonate and chloride
d) Poor in oxygen content
3.5. This bacteria will be one of the first bacteria that will be present in the water should
contamination occur, and they will be in much larger quantities than others.
[1]
a) Coliform
b) Giardia lamblia
c) Cryptosporidium
d) Hepatitis A
Water and Sanitation (WAS512S)
2nd Opportunity January 2024
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3.6 ___ are flagellated protozoa that are parasitic in the intestines of humans and animals.
[1]
a) Coliform
b) Giardia lamblia
c) Cryptosporidium
d) Hepatitis A
3.7 _____
a parasite that is spread by the transmission of ocysts via drinking water
which has been contaminated with infected faecal material.
[1]
a) Coliform
b) Giardia lamblia
c) Cryptosporidium
d) Hepatitis A
3.8 This primary process in waste treatment consists of a fixed screen and a moving cutter to
grind solids which are able to pass through the screen into smaller pieces about 0.3 cm in
size or smaller.
[1]
a) Screening
b) Grit removal
c) Comminution
d) Sedimentation
3.9 The waste stabilization pond that has a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic conditions is
known as.
[1]
a) Anaerobic
b) Facultative
c) Maturation
d) Waste
3.10 The following is a water-borne disease
[1]
a) Conjunctivitis
b) Schistosomiasis
c) Dengue fever
d) Dysentery
QUESTION 4
4.1 Mention any five (5) disadvantages of ground water.
4.2 State any five (5) disadvantages of a Ventilated Improved Pit latrine.
(10 MARKS]
(SJ
[5]
Water and Sanitation (WAS512S)
2nd Opportunity January 2024
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Please answer ALL of the questions in this section.
QUESTION 5
5.1 Describe the large scale surface water treatment processes.
5.2 Briefly explain why sewage is a public health concern.
QUESTION 6
6.1 Define water sampling.
6.2 Explain any eight (8) purpose of collecting water samples.
[20 MARKS)_..-
[10]
[10]
(20 MARKS] --
[2]
(18]
QUESTION 7
7.1 Outline the preventative measures of Cholera.
7.2 Explain how Schistosomiasis is transmitted/ life cycle.
(20 MARKS]
(10)
(10]
-----------------------------------------·----------------------•·---------------------------------·-----------------------
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
Water and Sanitation (WAS512S)
2nd Opportunity January 2024
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