DSA621S
First Exam (continued)
January 2023
Question 1 ..................................................................
[12 points]
Consider the following Byzantine Generals problem with seven processes: P1, P2, P3, P4, Ps,
P6 and P7 . Pi is the commander and the rest of the processes are its lieutenants. P1 sends the
value Oto P2, P3 and P4 , while it communicates the value 1 to the other processes. Assuming
that processes P3 and P6 were also faulty during the algorithm, what is the final decision?
Question 2 ..................................................................
[20 points]
Consider a distributed system with twelve (12) processes Pi to Pi2 • Note that a process with a
higher identifier has better resources than one with a lower identifier. Consider the following
scenarios during an election algorithm involving the processes:
1. the initiator of the election P3, using the ring algorithm 1, crashed during the election
phase;
2. process Pi2 crashed after forwarding the election message using the ring algorithm 2.
For each scenario, discuss the outcome of the election
Question 3 ..................................................................
[25 points]
Present the architecture of a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)cluster. Discuss in detail
the read and write operations using HDFS.
Question 4 ..................................................................
[20 points]
(a) Discuss in detail the read operation in Network File System (NFS)
[8]
(b) Most distributed file systems involve a remote procedure call (RPC)between the client
[12]
module and the server. Discussthe impact of the call semantics on a write-only scenario.
Question 5 ..................................................................
[15 points]
Consider a kafka cluster containing three (03) brokers, C L 1, C L2 and C L 3 . Each topic con-
tains three (03) partitions with a replication factor of two (02) i.e., each partition is replicated
once (on another broker). Using a diagram representing the cluster illustrate how a producer
submits messages to the cluster and a consumer group consumes such messages. You will be
explicit about how the partitions are handled.
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End of Exam