APPENDIX D: The t-distribution
:,//.,
df\\p
0.40
J!o:324920
2 i0.288675
3 i[o.276671
4 • 0.270722
5
6 ,.0.264835
1 .J:o:263167
8 · 0.261921
9 ::0.260955
10 ;,0.260185
11 !:o.2~9556
12 : o.259033
13 "0.258591
14 :·0.258213
15 jio.25iaa5
16 :'0.257599
17 i:0.257347
rn '"0.251123
19
20
21 ''o.256580
22 i'0.256432
23 i'o.256297
24 ,_,J0.256173
25 "0.256060
26
o.255955
27 0.255858
28
29 l!0.255684
30 Jo:25?~~5
in£ ·1:0.253347
0.25
0.10
0.05
).000000 !:3.077684 ;,6.313752
•0.816497 i:l.885618 2.919986 4.30265
0.764892 il.637744 2.353363 3.18245
:o.740697 ).533206 2.131847 2.77645
'1.475884 ).015048 ·2.57058
:0.117558 il.4~9756
.0.711142 ,:1.414924
:1.943180
1.894579
2.44691
2.36462
0.706387 ''1.396815 "l.859548 2.30600
0.102122 }i~3o;~·
.1.833113 2.26216
o.699812 "1.312184 ··1.012451 2.22814
_0.697445
,>:iiss4!i:i
0.693829 '.:1.350171 '1.770933 2.16037
0.692417 !•l.345030 :1.761310 . 2.14479
o.691197 ii1.340606 1.753050 2.13145
.0.690132 l'l.336757
0.689195 l'!.333379
0.688364 ' 1.330391
0.68162.1
!·l.3~7-128....
''1.729133
,,
'o.686954 1'1.325341 l.724718
·o.6863~;·· [:1.323188 i'I.720743
!'2.09302
2.08596
; 2.07961
:o.685805_ ;u21237
:o.685306 [•1.319460
'.0.684850 !'1.317836
·o.684430 \\11.316345
·o.684043 '1.314972
:J.717144 . (1.07387
:1.713872 : 2.06866
;1.710882 . 2.06390
'.J.708141 ' 2.05954
',l.705618 2.05553
0.683685 1.313703 .'J.703288
,.
0.683353 . 1.312527 l.701131
2.05183
'0.683044 'J:i.311434
. !,
0.682756 ''1.310415
"""if'"'"~••••u.,,
·••• ••
'0.674490 ,.l.281552
·.l.699127
l.697261
'2.04227
31.82052
6.96456
0.005 ... i ..0:~~~5
, 63.65674 ;!636.6192
i9.92484 i!3l.5991
. 4.54070 i 5.84091
.3.74695 }4,60409
:,3.36493
·3.14267
; 4.03214
! 3.70743
·2.99795 i 3.49948
2.89646 .._. "i"3{·.3·•5•539
·•2.82144 i 3.24984
if4.5869
':4.4370
2.68100 '3.05454 '<4.3178
:2.65031 3.01228 [4.2208
.2.62449 i 2.97684 [4.1405
2.60248 2.94671 if4,0728
2.92078 !4.0150
2.89823 ,[3.9651
2.87844 !3.9216
,2.53948 2.86093 [3.8834
2.52798 2.84534 ''3.8495
·2.51765
'2,50832
'2.49987 2.80734 '3.7676
2.49216 i 2.79694 ..... J3.7454
2.48511 2.78744 ''3.7251
·:2.47863
,2.47266
2.77871
i 2.77068
·2.46714 2.76326
. 2.46202 2.75639 i3.6594
'.2.45726 2.75000 "3.6460
2.32635 2.57583 ::3.2905
APPENDIX E: The Chi-Square Distribution
·,
I,: . '
.... .,_:
.f1~ ~· -· .,' .
,}
;,1
:d~pJ.995
io.00004
·:0.01003
.975
.i[~.00098
[0.02010 o.o5o64
i! .950
·''·
':0.00393 i:0.01579
i:0.10259 i'o.21012
i!0.10153 i 0.45494 1'1,32330
! ;:o.57536 1.38629 ,
.005
'5.02389 '6.63490 ,'7.87944
·7.37776 I 9.21034 .10.59663
:fo21sso "o.35185 , 058437 Ji:2i2s3
2.36597 -,i 4--.10834
i 3.35669.: 5.38527
6.25139 7.81473
l 7.77944 9.48773 '11.14329 )3.27670 i14.86026
]0.83121 ,;1.14548 ![1.61031 i2.67460 ; 4.35146 i,6.62568 '9.23636 i I 1.07050. :12.83:i°So·:1· s:oe627. ;;-6,74960
:•:i:.-545.0 a123.734 ':1_.63538 ):2.20413
;\\i::i4ei'i , 7.84080 10.64464. 12.s9159 1444938 ,:iG:iiiiiiii. 18.54758
'io.90926 1.23904 i!.1:68987 'i2.16735. "2.03311 '!4.25485 ) 6.34se1 : 9.03115 . 12.01104' 14.06114.}6.01216 10.47531 '20.21114
:,1.34441 :!1.64650
·'s.01o:ii i ; 3.48954
7.34412 ; 10.21885 13.36157 :15.so131 ·,17.53455 ::20.09024 :21.95495
9 '1.13493 :2.00790
10 !2.15586 ·:2.55821
...,:4.16816 ::5.898B3 a.34283 :11.38875 J14.6836;;;:1;;_ii1a9a .19.02277 21.66599 ::;:i:·s·ii;is
! : 4.86518 ',6.73720 __i.~~4_182 12.54886: 15.98718' 18.30704 20.4031~.. :~3:2.~!~ .. :2~-18818
11 ,2.60322 ,j3.05348 ii3.81575 >!4.574B1 '•5.57778 ,·7.58414 10.34100 !13.70069 17.27501 19.67514 ;21.92005 .24.72497 :26.75685
J1i~~iii1X~~~s,;o: 12 )01302 JJs1os1 ::~.40379 ••522G03_ : 630380 ,a.43842
18.54935, 2102607 2_333_666_26.21697 :2..029952
! 13 -:3.56503 }.10692 ..i[~.00875 .,S,89186 b.04150 ,.9. .29907 12.339761!5.98391 19.81193: 22.36203 ,'24.73560. '27.68825 :29.81947
14 -:,;:·07467.... l4,66043 !;5,62873 ,,6.57063.
'I0.16531. 13.33927 i'17.11693: 21.06414. 23.68479 26.11895 29.14124 '31.31935
15 :4.G0092
7.26094 ,)8.54676
:32.80132
I~ \\.14221
:'6.90766 !!7.96(6~_ i?~!2.24 ' 11.91222: 15.33850] .l~:.3.6886[ 23.54183 ' 26.29623 '28.84535 .31.99993 :34.26719
17
18 J6.26480
j/.56419 :ie.67176 1-10,08519 !!12.79193 j,1633818 i:20.48868 j 24.76904 27.58711 ,30.19101 .33.40866 '35.71847
. "![ii:2:1075. ,;~:39046 ; I0.8649?pi
j 7529.. 17.33790., 21.60489; 25.98942; 28.86930 '31.52638 ·34.80531 ;37.15645
19 ::G.84397 ..J7.63273 ·ra.90652 :[10.11101 •·11.65091 {14.562DOhe.3376_5..(~2.7!781 27.20357 i 30.14-353
r 20 S.43384 . ie.260•0. ''9.59010 ':10.e5oe1 : 12.44261 .:15.45111 19.33743: 23.02169 2e.4119e 31.41043 ·34_16961 ·31.56623 39.99685
21 18.033G5 j889720 ]!1028290\\[i1:s9I:ll
29.61509 32.67057 '35.478B8 '38.93217 ;41.40106
22 'j8.6. 4272 :9.54249 i!t0.98232 !:12.33801 !it4.04149 t'l7.23962 i 21.33704; 26.03927: 30.81328 33.92444 .36.78071 40.28936 .42.79565
23 ,)9_2~~:t,'r;;;;;;;·1:~;:;;~~
1:;;~~;i\\,; i;';;~~ 84796 ;ria.13730 1
121:i:i134 1.
!•o 24 ,:9.8B623
iis'ii'iiiJ!.ii~:;oiis ::1384843 1siisa68iiio3ns
• 23 33673] 2ii2,·;;·si ·33.19624 36.41503 3936408 ._4297982 .45 55851
25. :°10.51965'[ I 1.52398 \\:13.11972 )14.61141 ii16.47341 ,' 19:93934 i 24.33659: 29.33685) 34.38159 37.65248 ::,o:64647'i:.i,i:31410 !46.92789
26 h1.1G024 [12:19815 [!13.84390 ,[15.37916j,17.291_88 ,-20,84343.: 25.33646[.30.43457 j 35.56317 38.88514 .:41.92317 :45.64168.. 48.28988
21 ':11.00159 ·11:i:ii1asoT14.57338 'it6:15140Ti0.1'1:;goT21.14940'i'26.33634 1Ji.52041 !36.14i22140.1 m1 ..43.19451 46.96294 ..'49_54492
::I:f:f:::· r::::~l!~:!::r:::ti::::i·::::6774
,[23.56659 28.33613: 33.71~:-: 39.08747: 42.55697 :::::::' ::::::::: :::::::
30 /13.78672 j14.95346 ,:16.79077
.S0.89218 •53.67196