Question 1
[15)
a) Define the concepts of ecosystem resilience and ecological integrity. Provide one example from
Namibia for each. (6 marks)
b) How do diverse ecosystems contribute to Namibia's resilience to climate change and drought? (9
marks)
Question 2
[20)
a) Discusstwo threats to Namibia's endangered species and give an example for each. (B marks)
b) Explain how ex situ and in situ conservation approaches are applied in Namibia. Give one example of
each. (12 marks)
Question 3
[30)
Write an essay discussing the importance of protected area networks and ecological connectivity for
species conservation in Namibia.
Question 4
[35)
a) Identify and explain three environmental policies or strategies used in Namibia to promote
biodiversity conservation. (10 marks)
b) How can Namibia balance biodiversity conservation and economic development? Discusswith two
sectoral examples. (10 marks)
c) Design a policy intervention to reduce overgrazing in a semi-arid communal area. Include ecological
and social components. (15 marks)
THEEND
Total Marks: 100
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