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UEN621S - URBAN ECONOMICS - 2ND OPP SUPL - JAN 2023 |
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nAmlBIA UnlVERSITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLOGY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND SPATIAL SCIENCES
{LAND AND PROPERTY SECTION)
QUALIFICATION(S): BACHELOR OF PROPERTYSTUDIES
DIPLOMA IN PROPERTYSTUDIES
QUALIFICATION(S) CODE: 08BPRS
06DPRS
NQF LEVEL: 6
COURSE CODE: UEN621S
COURSE NAME: URBAN ECONOMICS
EXAMS SESSION: JANUARY 2023
PAPER:
THEORY
DURATION:
3 HOURS
MARKS:
100
SECOND OPPORTUNITY/SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S) SAMUEL ATO K. HAYFORD
MODERATOR: ELINA TEODOL
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the entire question paper before answering the Questions.
2. Please write clearly and legibly!
3. The question paper contains a total of 7 questions.
4. You must answer ALL QUESTIONS in Section A and ONLY 1 question from section B.
5. Make sure your Student Number is on the EXAMINATION BOOK(S).
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS
None.
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 6 PAGES (Including this front page)
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Urban Economics
Question 1
SECTION A
UEN621S
For each of the following statements indicate whether it is 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'. Each correct answer
carries 1 mark.
(20)
a) Larger firms have a cost advantage over their competitors. Not only does a larger plant gain
from economies of scale, it also will produce more. Companies often use this advantage as a
competitive strategy by first building a large plant with substantial economies of scale, and
then using its lower costs to price aggressively and increase sales volume.
b) For shops, accessibility to as many customers as possible is paramount and the revenue
earning capacity of ground floor locations in the Central business District (CBD) enables them
to outbid other users.
c) Land values determine land uses and not the vice versa.
d) Urban primacy tends to characterize developing countries. However, the primacy status gets
worse as the country begins to develop.
e) The price of land is determined by the interaction of demand and supply in the market. In
the sense that total supply of land is fixed in the short term. The price of land can be
regarded as being determined by demand alone.
f) Urban land use is determined by various decisions made by only firms and household
without the participation of the government.
g) Under the income approach of urban growth, income from factors owned but hired to
producers located outside the area (earnings of externally employed factors) constitute a
leakage
h) Rent control policy is noted for specifying the maximum amount that can be charged for rent
as well as offering security of tenure to tenants.
SecondOpportunity/Supplementary Examination Paper Page2 of 6
January 2023
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Urban Economics
UEN6215
i) Urban primacy is often characterized by proportionate concentration of population in capital
cities.
j) Countries with decentralized political power to the local government where distribution of
resources depends on the competitive ability to generate revenue from economic base are
usually characterized by urban primacy.
k) Footloose industry is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any
location without effect from factors such as resources or transport.
I) An area is declared an 'urban area' by a formal and authoritative order, especially one having
the force of law after taking into consideration the population, need for proper planning of
the area and other relevant factors.
m) Processing costs - the many expenses that arise in the industrial production process as labour
and other factors are used to transform raw and semi-finished materials into manufactured
goods. Conscious reduction of this cost is usually associated with market-oriented firms and
industries.
n) Transfer costs reductions are associated with material-oriented firms and industries
o) Growth in size of a city can eventually give rise to urban diseconomies due to higher
transport costs.
p) If the in-migrants of a particular urban area are predominantly of one sex the accompanying
rate of natural increase for urban growth is likely to be higher.
q) In determining the short-term price/rent level at which urban land is exchanged in the
property market, supply forces play a more dominant role than demand factors.
SecondOpportunity/Supplementary Examination Paper Page3 of 6
January 2023
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Urban Economics
UEN621S
r) Problem of defining what is basic activities and what is non-basic activities as the city grows
is only a long run phenomenon.
s) Spending on imports, payment for the use of externally owned factors of production and
national government taxes constitute 'injections' since they generate economic activity
elsewhere.
t) Incidence of respiratory diseases, carbon dioxide emission {Green House) and public safety
are characteristics normally associated with urban diseconomies.
[20]
Question 2
a) List the four (4) economic forces that are likely to reinforce the original impetus for the
emergence of a town or city.
(2)
b) By the Economic (export)-base model it is external demand which stimulates growth of an
urban area and not internal demand. Briefly account for this statement.
(13)
c) Mention any three (3) sources of the following which affect the growth of an urban area
according to the Keynesian approach to urban growth.
(6)
i) Injections
ii) Leakages
[21]
Question 3
a) The decision to locate any activity on any location is influenced by the profitability or utility
(satisfaction) occurring from the use of that site. Briefly elaborate on this with regards to
land use location decisions for manufacturing industry.
(10)
Second Opportunity/Supplementary Examination Paper Page 4 of 6
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Urban Economics
UEN6215
b) Distinguish between the two forms of labour mobility.
(2)
c) Briefly explain any four (4) determinants of the two forces that determine the level of wages
in the labour market.
(8)
[20]
Question 4
a) Urban Infrastructure appears to be the main driver and perhaps the most influential
component of the urban economy that stimulates the growth of urban areas. Briefly explain.
(11)
b) Enumerate any six (6) indicators of urban poverty.
(3)
c) Enumerate the three main characteristics of the labour force in Africa?
(3)
d) Distinguish between the two forms of labour mobility.
(3)
[20]
Question 5
a) What is meant by Rent Control?
(1)
b) Account for the effects of Rent control policy as a form of government intervention where it
is effectively implemented in the housing market.
(10}
[11]
Second Opportunity/Supplementary Examination Paper Page 5 of 6
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Urban Economics
Question 6
SECTION B
UEN621S
With a good and a service as an example state and briefly explain the two (2) characteristics of
goods and services of Walter Christaller's central place theory.
(8)
[8]
OR
Question 7
Briefly explain the seven (7) criticisms of the Walter Christaller's central place theory.
(8)
[8]
All the best of luck.
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January 2023
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