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NRS711S - NATURAL RES and SUSTAINABLE DEV - 1ST OPP - JUNE 2022 |
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nAm I BI A un IVE RSITY
OF SCIEn CE Ano TECHn OLOGY
FACULTYOF ENGINEERINGAND SPATIALSCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTUREAND SPATIALSCIENCES
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOROF REGIONALAND RURALDEVELOPMENT
QUALIFICATIONCODE: 07BRAR
COURSECODE:
NRS711S
DATE:
JUNE 2022
LEVEL:
7
CREDITS: 12
NATURAL RESOURCESAND
COURSENAME:
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
PAPER:
THEORY
DURATION:
3 HOURS MARKS:
100
FIRSTOPPORTUNITYEXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER: Marina Coetzee
MODERATOR: Gillian Maggs-Kolling
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Read the entire question paper before answering the questions.
3. Questions may be answered in any sequence, provided that they are numbered clearly
and correctly.
4. Write clearly and legibly.
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
Pen, ruler, pencil and eraser
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 10 QUESTIONSAND 7 PAGES(including this front page)
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Natural Resourcesand SustainableDevelopment
NRS711S
Question 1:
Select the single CORRECTanswer to each of the following questions. Just write down the
number, e.g. (a) D.
(a)
Which one is an abiotic component of ecosystems?
A Fungi
B Humus
C Petroleum
D Clay minerals
E Insects
(1)
(b)
Which one is not part of the definition of natural capital?
A Processes, such as nutrient cycling
B Cultural identity of indigenous communities
C Sinks, that absorb, neutralise or recycle wastes
D Resources, such as soil, plants, animals
E Flows of energy
(1)
(c)
Agenda 21 is ....
A A guide for sustainable development during the 21st century
B A successor of the Millennium Development Goals
C A legally binding treaty to address ecosystem degradation
D A set of objectives under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
E A set of development targets to reach by 2015
(1)
(d)
Which one of the following does not fit within the concept of sustainable
development?
A Living within environmental limits
B Transparent, inclusive and accountable governance
C Intra-generational equity
D Shared but differentiated responsibility
E Decision-making based on popular opinion
{1)
(e)
Which one of the following does not fit within the concept of Earth System
processes?
A Can sometimes take place on very short timescales
B Include major biogeochemical cycles
C Often involve flows of materials between the different 'spheres'
D Include the water and rock cycles
E Take place entirely within separate sub-systems, with no connection between them
(1)
l51 Opportunity Question Paper
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June 2022
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Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
NRS711S
(f)
The role of the Namibian Electricity Control Board is to ....
A Make policies on electricity supply
B Import electricity from neighbouring countries
C Generate bulk electricity
D Regulate the electricity supply industry
E Transmit electricity to bulk consumers
(1)
(g)
The following is not a global driverof consumption:
A Rise in global affluence
B Stress on Earth's ecosystems
C Throw-away culture among higher-income groups
D Rapid global population growth
E Peer pressure from social media
(1)
(h)
The Gini coefficient is a measure of ....
A Gross national income
B Life expectancy, education, and health
C Multiple dimensions of poverty
D Reproductive health, empowerment of women, and their participation in economic
activities
E Inequality in income distribution
(1)
(i)
Offshore mineral exploration and mining, beyond the limits of national jurisdictions,
are regulated by the ....
A International Maritime Organisation
B UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
C UN Deepsea Mining Authority
D Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
E International Seabed Authority
(1)
(j)
Climate change vulnerability is a function of ....
A Exposure and sensitivity to climate hazards, and adaptive capacity
B Resilience and mitigation
C Lossand damages due to climate hazards
D Exposure and sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation
E Adaptation and mitigation
(1)
[10]
pt Opportunity Question Paper
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June 2022
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Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
NRS7115
Question 2:
"Kate Raworth added to the idea of Planetary Boundaries with her 'Social Foundation'
concept and stated that we ought to live 'within the doughnut'."
(a)
Explain the meaning of this statement, i.e. the aim and conceptual framework of her
model.
[You may use a diagram to support your argument, but the core of the answer should
be a clear, written explanation.]
(6)
(b)
Name five (5) of the eleven Social Foundations.
(5)
(c)
To what extent is mankind meeting these expectations?
(1)
[12]
Question 3:
(a)
Within the context of the Agenda 21 Sustainable Development Principles, why does
Botswana have the right to object to Namibia developing a petroleum industry in
Kavango-East, but not to Namibia harvesting seals along its own coast?
(4)
(b)
Why is the youth of the world specifically mentioned in the Sustainable Development
Principles?
(3)
[7]
Question 4:
Discussthe physical, economic, social and policy factors that contribute to food insecurity at
national and household level in Namibia. [Write full sentences.]
(9)
[9]
Question 5:
A sustainable city encompasses much more than just sustainable transport. Provide examples
of other characteristics of a sustainable city. [Write full sentences.]
(9)
[9]
1'1 Opportunity Question Paper
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Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
NRS711S
Question 6:
Explore the links between health issues, and pressure on wildlife and ecosystems by human
activities. Use very specific examples to support your arguments.
(9)
[9]
Question 7:
The MARISMA Programme deals with Marine Spatial Planning of the Benguela Current Large
Marine Ecosystem.
(a)
Which countries have territorial waters within the Benguela Current Large Marine
Ecosystem?
(3)
(b)
What are the objectives of Marine Spatial Planning? Use specific examples to
support your explanation.
(6)
(c)
In addition to ocean warming and sea level rise, what is the other major impact of
carbon dioxide emissions on the oceans?
(1)
(d)
In what way does intensive agriculture affect marine ecosystems?
(1)
[11]
Question 8:
Discuss approaches (strategies) that would enhance sustainable consumption and production
globally. {Hint: Use the targets of SDG12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) as a point
of departure]
(12)
[12]
Question 9:
"Namibia uses an energy-mix for electricity supply." Substantiate this statement. Use specific
examples of power plants or electricity sources to support your arguments.
{One mark per energy source, one per appropriate example; 1 mark for clear, logical
explanation]
(11)
[11]
pt Opportunity Question Paper
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Natural Resourcesand SustainableDevelopment
NRS711S
Question 10
Match each term in Column 1 with the appropriate description in Column 2. Write down only
the capital letter from Column 2 next to the small letter from Column 1, for example (a) D.
Column 1
Column 2
(a)
Logistic (sigmoidal) A
population growth
The leading global environmental authority, under
the United Nations
(b)
UNEP
(c)
Lithosphere
(d)
Mortality
B
Earth's subsystem that involves its core, mantle,
crust and soil
C
Database on the conservation status of threatened
species
(e)
Orange Seamount
D
and Canyon
Complex
E
(f)
Lag phase of
population growth F
(g)
'Limit to Growth'
theory
G
International agreement on trade in endangered
wildlife and plants
Period of fastest population growth
One of Namibia's Ecologically and Biologically
Significant Areas
List of communist and socialist countries
(h)
Radiation
H
Birth rate of a population
(i)
Ramsar Convention
(j)
Red List
J
Communal resources are usually over-exploited, as
everybody strives to maximise their own use
Earth's subsystem that involves the upper mantle,
crust and soil
K
Population growth regulated by density-dependent
factors
L
Heat distribution through the movement of fluids
due to density differences
1st Opportunity Question Paper
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Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
NRS711S
M
Death rate of a population
N
International treaty on wetlands of international
importance especially as waterfowl habitats
0
Initial, slow population growth while there are only a
few organisms and reproduction is still low
P
Population growth that is not regulated by internal
factors, but rather by external disasters
Q
Unlimited economic growth is impossible in a system
with finite resources
R
Transmission of electromagnetic energy through
space
S
An inter-governmental science-policy platform on
biodiversity and ecosystem services
T
One of Namibia's World Heritage Sites
[10)
TOTAL: 100
pt Opportunity Question Paper
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June 2022