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NRS711S - NATURAL RES and SUSTAINABLE DEV - 2ND OPP - JULY 2022 |
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nAmlBIA UnlVERSITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLOGY
FACULTYOF ENGINEERINGAND SPATIALSCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTUREAND SPATIALSCIENCES
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOROF REGIONALAND RURALDEVELOPMENT
QUALIFICATIONCODE: 07BRAR
COURSECODE:
NRS711S
DATE:
JULY 2022
LEVEL:
7
CREDITS: 12
NATURAL RESOURCESAND
COURSENAME:
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
PAPER:
THEORY
DURATION:
3 HOURS MARKS:
100
SECONDOPPORTUNITY/ SUPPLEMENTARYEXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER: Marina Coetzee
MODERATOR: Gillian Maggs-Kolling
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Read the entire question paper before answering the questions.
3. Questions may be answered in any sequence, provided that they are numbered clearly
and correctly.
4. Write clearly and legibly.
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
Pen, ruler, pencil and eraser
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 10 QUESTIONSAND 7 PAGES(including this front page)
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Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
NRS711S
Question 1:
Select the single CORRECTanswer to each of the following questions. Just write down the
number, e.g. (a) D.
(a)
Which one is a biotic component of ecosystems?
A Water
B Fungi
C Light
D Energy
E Nutrients
(1)
(b)
Which one is not a regulatoryservice provided by ecosystems?
A Genetic diversity
B Pest control by predators
C Flood attenuation
D Decomposition of waste
E Carbon sequestration and storage
(1)
(c)
The Millennium Development Goals are ....
A The major outcome of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit
B A set of development objectives and targets for the period 2000-2015
C A legally binding treaty to address land degradation
D The objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
E A framework for development during the 21st century
(1)
(d)
Ecological Deficit is ....
A The time left before the Earth System collapses
B The date in a year when mankind's demand for ecological resources and services
surpasses Earth's capacity to replace those resources and absorb waste
C Earth's biocapacity minus mankind's ecological footprint (in global hectares)
D The number of days per year that Earth's biocapacity is exceeded
E Reached when the global population passes 8 billion
(1)
(e)
Select the incorrectstatement. Earth System processes ....
A Often involve energy fluxes between sub-systems
B Include the phosphorus, carbon and rock cycles
C Can take place at both very small and very large spatial scales
D Are too vast and powerful to be influenced by human activities
E Are responsible for maintaining natural equilibria
(1)
2nd Opportunity/ Supplementary
Examination Question Paper
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July 2022
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Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
NRS711S
(f)
The role of Independent Power Producers is to ....
A Make policies on electricity supply
B Generate electricity
C Regulate the electricity supply industry
D Transmit electricity to end-users
E Import electricity from neighbouring countries
(1)
(g)
The following is not a global impact of consumption:
A Depletion of material resources
B Stress on Earth's ecosystem
C Regeneration of renewable resources
D Depletion of energy resources
E Adverse effects on human well-being and social systems
(1)
(h)
The Multidimensional Poverty Index expresses ....
A The geometric mean of life expectancy, primary school education and the gross
national income
B Multiple deprivations at individual level
C Gender inequality
D Inequality in income distribution within a population
E An inequality-adjusted measure of human development
(1)
(i)
Regulation of shipping, including safety, security, legal matters, technical
cooperation, efficiency and environmental concerns are the responsibility of the ....
A International Maritime Organisation
B UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
C UN Deepsea Mining Authority
D MARPOL
E International Seabed Authority
(1)
(j)
Nationally Determined Contributions is a term to describe ....
A Greenhouse gas emissions of individual countries relative to total global emissions
B Financial commitments by developed countries to the Green Climate Fund
C Voluntary commitments, identified by countries themselves, to reduce their
activities that contribute to climate change
D National emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol
E In-kind contributions from developing countries to leverage adaptation funding
(1)
[10]
2nd Opportunity/ Supplementary
Examination Question Paper
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July 2022
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Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
NRS711S
Question 2:
"The Planetary Boundaries concept of the Stockholm Resilience Centre (Rockstrom and
colleagues) defined environmental limits to nine Earth System processes within which
mankind can operate safely."
(a)
Explain the meaning of this statement, including the reason for developing this model. (5)
(b)
Name five (5) of the nine subsystems. [Excluding the 'novel entities' mentioned in (c)] (5)
(c)
What are 'novel entities' and why are they included in the Planetary Boundaries
model?
(3)
Question 3:
(a)
One of the Agenda 21 Sustainable Development Principles (#10) states that
environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens,
awareness and information on hazards and activities in their communities, and
opportunities to influence decision-making. What has Namibia done to incorporate
this principle in its developmental and environmental planning and legislation?
(4)
(b)
Why are indigenous people and local communities specifically mentioned in the
Sustainable Development Principles?
(3)
[7]
Question 4:
(a)
Explain the need to maintain genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed
and domesticated animals and their related wild species, as expressed in target 2.5 of
Sustainable Development Goal 2 (No Hunger).
(5)
(b)
What has Namibia done in support of this component of SDG2?
(3)
[8]
2nd Opportunity/ Supplementary
Examination Question Paper
Page 4 of 7
July 2022
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Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
NRS711S
Question 5:
List nine (9) characteristics of a sustainable city in terms of transport and healthy living
conditions. Write full sentences.
(9)
[9]
Question 6:
Discussthe links between health issues and exposure to pollution. Use very specific examples
to support your arguments.
(8)
[8]
Question 7:
(a)
What are the objectives of the Benguela Current Convention?
(7)
(b)
Which countries are parties to the Benguela Current Convention?
(3)
(c)
What is unique about the conservation status of the Namibian coastline?
(2)
[12]
Question 8:
(a)
Explain, with appropriate examples, how certification (e.g. of organically grown
products) and labelling (e.g. of energy efficient appliances) can contribute to
sustainable consumption and production.
(4)
(b)
Suggest approaches that Namibian tourism establishments can take in support of
sustainable tourism.
(7)
Question 9:
(a)
Discuss the present situation regarding solar power generation in Namibia.
(5)
2nd Opportunity/ Supplementary
Examination Question Paper
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July 2022
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Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
NRS711S
(b)
Propose demand-side management approaches that can help to reduce the electricity
demand.
(7)
[12]
Question 10
Match each term in Column 1 with the appropriate description in Column 2. Write down only
the capital letter from Column 2 next to the small letter from Column 1, for example (a) D.
Column 1
Column 2
(a)
Cryosphere
A
A consequence of ocean acidification
(b)
Walvis Ridge
B
Birth rate of a population
(c)
Natality
C
(d)
Deceleration phase
of population
D
growth
Unlimited economic growth is impossible in a system
with finite resources
Earth's subsystem that involves the upper mantle,
crust and soil
(e)
'Tragedy of the
E
Commons' theory
(f)
Great Acceleration
F
(g)
Bleaching of coral
reefs
G
(h)
Conduction
Population growth is suppressed as intra-species
competition increases and resources become more
limited
Shared resources are usually over-exploited, as
everybody strives to maximise their own use
Exponential increase in resource use and waste
generation since the Industrial Revolution
(i)
Zoonoses
H
Lifestyle diseases
(j)
IPBES
An inter-governmental science-policy platform on
climate change
J
Immigration rate of a population
(continue on next page)
2nd Opportunity/ Supplementary
Examination Question Paper
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Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
NRS711S
K
Populations crash catastrophically when they run
out of resources
L
Earth's subsystem that involves ice- and snow-
covered areas
M
Linear increase in fertilizer production, greenhouse
gas emissions, and global trade since the
introduction of steam- and petroleum-driven
machinery
N
Heat transfer directly between molecules in a rigid
matrix
0
An inter-governmental science-policy platform on
biodiversity and ecosystem services
P
Heat distribution through the movement of fluids
due to density differences
Q
Diseases transmitted from animals to humans
R
One of Namibia's Ramsar Sites
S
One of Namibia's Ecologically and Biologically
Significant Areas
T
A consequence of ocean warming
[10]
TOTAL: 100
2nd Opportunity/ Supplementary
Examination Question Paper
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July 2022