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ANH620S - ANIMAL HEALTH - 2ND OPP- JAN 2023 |
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r
n Am I BI A u n IVER s I TY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLOGY
FACULTYOF HEALTH,NATURAL RESOURCESAND APPLIEDSCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
QUALIFICATION CODE: 07BAGR
LEVEL: 7
COURSE CODE: ANH620S
COURSE NAME: ANIMAL HEALTH
DATE: JANUARY 2023
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100
SECOND OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S): PROF. T. WASSENAAR
MODERATOR: MRS LUCIA KAFIDI
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly.
3. Number the answers clearly.
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
1. Examination question paper
2. Answering book
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 3 PAGES (excluding this front page)
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Question set 1 (Managing animal h_ealth)
Question 1: A farmer is complaining that her sheep are aborting. Describe the entire investigative
approach you will take in order to arrive at a tentative diagnosis of the cause(s) of abortion in her
flock. [16 marks]
Remember to say what the most important principles of an investigation are.
For each procedure in the investigation, explain why you are asking a specific question
or doing a specific examination
Remember to include differential diagnoses (diseases that have abortion as a symptom)
Question 1.2: Name the three basic groups of activities involved in management of animal health
and write a short explanatory sentence on each. [6 marks]
Question 1.3: Name the two principles in the prevention and control of animal disease (2 marks) and
give one example each of the ways in which these principles can be applied (2 marks) [4 marks]
1.4: (i) Where is the correct place on the body of a cow or goat to apply an intramuscular or
subcutaneous injection?
(ii) Where on its body should it NOT be injected even though there are sometimes a lot of muscle
there?
Make a rough drawing to illustrate your answers. [2 marks]
1.5: Discussthe basic principles of the scheduling of drugs used for the treatment of disease
conditions in animals. [6 marks]
Question set 2 (Infectious diseases)
Question 2.1: Fill in the missing information in the table below. [6 marks]
2.2 Disease
A
Newcastle
disease
B
(c)
Type of
pathogen
(a)
Bacterium
C
Rift Valley fever (d)
.
D
(f)
Virus
..
Affected species (=
"susceptible host")
Domestic poultry, wild
bird species
Cattle
(e)
Cattle
Most important symptom
(b)
Fast, difficult or noisy breathing,
discharges from the nose, shallow
coughing especially after exercise, >5%
die of respiratory symptoms
Fever, abortion storm, sudden death,
weakness, vomiting and abdominal
pain, discharge from nose (mucus and
pus), bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhages
in mucous membranes, jaundice,
pathogen shows three transmission
cycles.
Necrotic lesions in the mouth and on
the muzzle, progressive opacity of the
corneas leading to blindness, discharge
from eyes and nose
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Question 2.2: List two infectious causes of abortion in sheep. [2 marks]
Question 2.3: Write short notes on the following:
(i) The "triangle" of causes of mastitis (6 marks)
(ii) The rationale behind FMD zonings (2 marks). [8 marks]
Question 2.4: Example text: Rabies is a viral disease causing an acute encephalitis, it is transmitted
mostly through the bite of a predator (dog), it affects all warm-blooded animals, causes behavioural
changes or paralysis with no specific post-mortem signs and is chiefly controlled through vaccination.
Read the example above that deals with rabies, then write one to three .sentences that describe the
following aspects of the disease bluetongue: (NB: it should be in paragraph form, not bullet points!)
[6 marks]
The course of the disease (is it peracute, acute or chronic or combinations) {0.5 mark)
What is the cause {0.5 mark)
Which organ system is mostly affected (0.5 mark)
How is it transmitted {0.5 mark)
Which species are affected (0.5 mark)
Most important/typical symptoms (2 marks)
Most important pathological signs (0.5 mark)
How is it controlled (1 mark)
Question set 3 (Immunity)
Question 3.1: (i) What are antibodies? (1 mark)
(ii) Which cells produce antibodies? (1 mark)
(iii) How do antibodies protect the body against pathogens (name three mechanisms)? (3 marks)
[5 marks]
Question 3.2: a) Explain the concept of herd immunity. (2 marks)
b) Why is it important? (2mark) [4 marks]
Question 3.3: Discuss how the immune response works:
a) Tell the story of how it functions - there are 8 aspects to this
b) Pay particular attention to how the non-specific and specific immune systems differ from each
other (which components belong to which system), and c) ...how they are related to each other, or
to put it in another way: how do they let each other know that there is a pathogen that needs to be
attacked. Use drawings to illustrate the process and components. [10 marks]
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Question set 4 (Causes, distribution and process of disease)
Question 4.1: (i) Explain the modes of transmission of diseases in farm animals (1 mark each for
main division into two kinds, 0.5 marks for each subsequent division).
(ii) In your opinion, why is it important to understand the modes of transmission of diseases (2
marks). [8 marks]
Question set 5 (Veterinary services)
Question 5.1: Pick the correct answer/s from the list of statements below:
Two important pieces of legislation that governs the control of animal health in Namibia are
a)
Animal Health Act, Act 1/2011
b)
Prevention of Undesirable Residues in Meat Act, Act 21/1991
c)
Animal Meat and Hooves Hygiene Act, Act 87/1967
d)
Medicines and Related Substances Control Act, Act 13/2003
e)
Stock Theft Act, Act 24/1995
(Note that the number of marks do not necessarily reflect the number of correct answers). [3 marks]
Question 5.2: Define "notifiable" diseases. [2 marks]
Question set 6 (Non-infectious diseases)
Question 6.1: List and discuss the various non-infectious causes of disease. Include an example of a
disease caused by each factor (where relevant). [8 marks]
Question set 7 (Animal welfare)
Question 7.1: Explain what you understand under the term "sentience" in animals. [4 marks]
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