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IWW821S - INTEGRATED WATER AND WETLAND MANAGEMENT - 2ND Opp - JULY 2022 |
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nAm I BIA u n IVE RSITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLOGY
FACULTYOF HEALTH, APPLIEDSCIENCEAND NATURAL RESOURCES
DEPARTMENTAGRICULTUREAND NATURALRESOURCESSCIENCES
QUALIFICATION : Bachelor Of Natural Resource Management Honours
QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BNRMH
COURSECODE: IWW821S
LEVEL: 8
COURSE:Integrated Water and Wetland
Management
DATE:July 2022
SESSION:July
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 120
SUPPLEMENTARY/SECONDOPPORTUNITYEXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S): Ms. S. Bethune
MODERATOR: Ms. N. Nashipili
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL 5 questions, note choices
2. Write clearly and neatly
3. Number your answers correctly.
4. Make sure your student number appears on the answering script.
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
1. Examination paper.
2. Examination script.
3. Criteria for Identification of Wetlands of International Importance
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 3 PAGES(Excluding this front page)
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QUESTION 1. WATER AND WETLAND AWARENESS
1.1 You have been invited to give an interactive presentation to Grade 8 and 9 learners,
(14)
who are participating in the National Water Week, to make them more aware of the
future impact of climate change on the water situation in Windhoek. Prepare 7 slides
to show them where the city gets its water from, the water challenges the city will face
as our climate gets hotter and drier in future years, and what the learners themselves
can do to prepare for this. Show your headings, the main text, illustrations that you
will use and make sure that it is interactive.
1.2 Based on your experience speaking to leaners about water awareness say how you can (2)
ensure that your presentation is correctly targeted and interesting to your audience.
1.3 Based your participation in the National Water Week and your excursion to the coast (8)
this year, discuss four lessons Namibia can teach the world about using water more
efficiently to better cope with the decreasing water availability due to climate change
and increasing water demands.
[24]
QUESTION 2. WATER AND WETLANDS CONSERVATION - RAMSAR
2.1 Choose either: A. The lishana section of the Cuvelai Basin,
(11)
or
B. The Karst wetlands that include both the sinkholes and lakes.
Use the attached Criteria for identifying wetlands of international importance to write
an essay motivating how the site you choose meets four of the Ramsar Criteria.
2.2 Based on your excursion to the coast, prepare a short newspaper article for "The
(9)
Namibian" on wetland-based tourism. Consider the value of the Walvis Bay Wetlands
Ramsar Site to Tourism, threats by tourists and residents. Add why we should conserve
this Ramsar Site and the rich diversity of seabirds it supports giving examples of the
birds found there and the role of the wetland to migratory birds.
Provide a catchy title. Describe photograph to illustrate your article and give a caption.
[20]
QUESTION 3. NATIONAL-LEVEL WATER RESOURCESMANAGEMENT
3.1 Based on what you learnt on your excursion to the coast, write an essay on water
(16)
supply to the Central Namib water region from the alluvial aquifers in the Kuiseb and
Omaruru rivers and the challenges Nam Water faces when trying to ensure an
adequate, good quality water supply to the users in such an arid, yet rapidly
developing, region. Be sure to give accurate facts and figures. Also explain how the
water suppliers make use of unconventional water sources to meet the growing
demand, discuss the challenges related to these and give the reasons for the increase
in water demand. Conclude by suggesting effective WDM strategies, that the
municipalities of the coastal towns and the mines should consider implementing.
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3.2 Explain what is meant by Water Demand Management and why this it is important to (4)
implement Water Demand Management in Namibia. Motivate with clear examples.
3.3 Based on your interview with Mr. Ignatius Sikongo, the Basin Support Officer of the
(4)
Kuiseb Basin Management Committee during your excursion, list four main challenges
that the present KBMC committee faces.
[24]
QUESTION 4. INTERNATIONAL-LEVEL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Internationally river basin management is the responsibility of River Basin
Management Commissions like the Permanent Okavango River Basin Commission,
OKACOM. Use what you have learnt about the Environmental Flows Assessment of the
Okavango River, based on the OKACOM study led by Dr Jackie King, a recent winner of
the Stockholm Water Prize for her work worldwide, in the following questions.
4.1 Sketch a typical hydrograph, for the Okavango River at Rundu to show the four stages (6)
for the flood-pulsed Okavango River.
4.2 Explain how the different levels of water use scenarios for the Environmental Flows
(3)
Assessment on the Okavango River Basin were decided.
4.3 Discuss the main social impact that was identified by the Environmental Flows
(5)
Assessment of the Okavango River Basin. Quantify the losses in US$, identified for
each of the three water use scenarios, the Ministers selected.
[14]
QUESTION 5. WATER AND WETLAND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION AND
CHALLENGES IN DIFFERENT NATIONAL RIVER BASINS OR WATER SUPPLY
REGIONS
Prepare a short 5-paragraph essay to discuss the water and wetland resources, the
(16)
main water users in the basin, their management, and the challenges faced in a
selected National River Basin or Water Supply Region. Choose either:
A. The Central Namib Water Supply Region that we visited on our excursion
OR
B. The National River Basin that you prepared your poster on
In your introduction, include, the location, the rainfall and typical vegetation of the
basin. Then write the next 3 paragraphs, one each on: water and wetland resources in
the basin; the main users of water in the basin - list them from those that use the most
water to those using the least; management of the basin at each appropriate level.
Finally add a paragraph to discuss the main challenges of waters supply and protection
of the water sources within the basin you have chosen. Conclude by recommending
how the water supply in the basin can be safeguarded from climate change risks.
[16)
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QUESTION 6. INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCESMANAGEMENT (IWRM)
5.1 Integrated Water Resources Management includes linking ground and surface water
(10)
supplies as well as linking conventional and unconventional water supplies. Describe
the Omdel Dam and groundwater scheme within the overall context of the central
coastal water supply scheme, that you visited on your coastal excursion to show how
these links are used to overcome the challenge of water supply in the desert.
5.2 Some of the other water issues that should be integrated to ensure successful
(12)
implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management, IWRM are:
• Upstream and downstream interactions,
• Different water users and uses within a basin and their competing needs,
• Involvement of all stakeholders in participatory basin management.
Write an essay to discuss any two of these aspects of Integrated Water Resources
Management on IWRM in Namibia based on either:
A. The Kuiseb River Basin,
OR
B. The Omaruru Basin.
Introduce the IWRM concept, linking IWRM to the water situation in Namibia. Then
choose two of the issues above and clearly relate each either to the Kuiseb or the
Omaruru river basins. Conclude with two main advantages of IWRM to Namibia.
[22]
TOTAL-120
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The Criteria for Identifying Wetlands of
I11ternational Importance
Group A. Sites containing represeniaiive, rare or unique W('tlan<l t~·pes
C1·iterion ~: .A wetland should he considered international!:-,• important if it rnntains a n:-presentative. rnr<.',
or uniq1u~ '-'":ample ofa naturnl or nC'ar..:naturnl we!land t}'pe found within lh" appropriate biogeographir
rC'gwn.
Croup B. Site~ of international importance for conser.-ing hiologii:ai i:fr1.er~i~-
Criteria based on species and ~tcological ~ommunitif:s
Criterion 2: A v.-etland should be conside1·ed internationally important if it supports vulnerable, t'ndang.:nd.
or critically 1:ndangered species or thn:-ateneu ecological communities.
Criterion 3: A w~tland should be considered internationally important if it supports populations of plan I
and/or animal species important for maintaining the biological diversity of a particular biogeographic
region.
Criterion 4: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it supports plant and/or animal
species at a critical stage in their life cycles, or provides refuge dm·ing adve1·se conditions.
Specific criteria based on waterbirds
Criterion 5: A wetland should be considered inlernationally important if it regularly supports 20,000 or
more waterbirds.
Criterion 6: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it regularly supports l ¾ of the
individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of waterbi,·d.
Specific criteria based on fish
3, Criterion 7: A wetland should be conside1·ed international!)' important if it supports a significant proportioi1
of indigenous fish subspecies, species or families, life-history stage species interactions and/or populations
that are representative of wetland benefits and/or values and thereby contributes to global biological
diversity.
Criterion 8: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it is an important sou,ce of food for
fishes, spawning ground, nurser)' and/or migration path on which fish stocks, eithn within the wetland or
else,\\·he1·e, depend.
Specific criteria based on other taxa
Criterion 9: A wetland should be considered intei-nationall1· important if it regularly suppor1s I% of the
individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of wetland-dependent non-avian animal spedcs.