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IML511S - INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE - 1ST OPP - JUNE 2023 |
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f
nAm I BIA UnlVE RSITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLDGY
FACULTYOF HEALTH,APPLIEDSCIENCESAND NATURALRESOURCES
SCHOOLOF HEALTHSCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF CLINICALHEALTHSCIENCES
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BMLS
COURSECODE: IMLSllS
SESSION:
JUNE 2023
LEVEL: 5
COURSENAME: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL
LABORATORY SCIENCE
PAPER:
THEORY
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS:
100
FIRSTOPPORTUNITYEXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S)
DR ELZABEVAN DERCOLF
MODERATOR:
MS FREDRIKAENGELBRECHT
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly.
3. Number the answers clearly.
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
1. Scientific calculator
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 6 PAGES(Including this front page)
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IML511 S FIRST OPPORTUNITY
SECTION A (40 MARKS)
QUESTION 1
[10]
Evaluate the statements in each numbered section and select the most appropriate answer or phrase
from the given possibilities. Write the appropriate letter next to the number of the statement/phrase
on your answer sheet.
1.1 A Pathologist holds the following qualification:
(1)
(A) PhD in science
(B) Bachelor of Biomedical Science
(C) Medical degree (MBChB) plus four years of specialization
(D) Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Science plus specialization
1.2 If a Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS) works in a small district lab, his/her work will include: (1)
(A) Medical microbiology
(B) lmmuno-chemistry
(C) Histology and cytology
(D) Molecular diagnostics
1.3 A transfusion reaction in blood transfusion can cause the death of the recipient, and happens
when:
(1)
(A) A recipient receives HIV positive blood
(B) A recipient receives blood which has clotted
(C) The blood groups of the donor and the recipient are incompatible
(D) The donor and the recipient do not have the same blood groups in universal donors
1.4 When the coagulation (clotting) of fresh whole blood is prevented through the use of an
anticoagulant the straw-coloured fluid that can be separated from the formed elements (cells),
is the following:
(1)
(A) Serum
(B) Plasma
(C) Whole blood
(D) Platelets
1.5 If you cannot get the object in focus on oil when using the microscope, the following should be
done:
(1)
(A) Make sure the slide is not upside down
(B) Make sure the fine adjustment knob is not turned all the way in one direction
(C) Make sure there is enough oil
(D) All of the above
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IML511S FIRST OPPORTUNITY
1.6 The quality of reagent type water may be tested by the following methods, EXCEPT:
(1)
(A) Tested for resistance - poor conduction of electricity
(B) pH tested - should be pH= 7
(C) Colony counts - culture on selective and non-selective media
(D) Observed with the eye for impurities
1.7 Tasks related to the analysis of specimens by a MLS include the following, except:
(1)
(A) Carry out maintenance on instruments/ trouble shooting
(B) Calibrate laboratory equipment prior to testing
(C) Prepare reagents which might be needed to perform the test
(D) Dispose of hazardous material in the most convenient way
(E) Perform analytical procedures according to standard operating procedures
1.8 Our values as Medical Laboratory Scientists develop from the following except:
(1)
(A) Association with other people
(B) Life experiences
(C) The environment
(D) Rules and regulations imposed by others
(E) Within the self
1.9 A medical laboratory scientist finds a WBC count of 6000 cells per ul in a patient's blood.
Converted to the SI unit, the WBC count is the following:
(1)
(A)
6 X 106/L
(B)
6 X 103/L
(C) 6 X 109/L
(D)
6 X 10·9/L
1.10 Most of the errors in the lab occur in the following area of operation:
(1)
(A) Pre-analytical
(B) Analytical
(C) Post-analytical
(D) (a) and (c)
QUESTION2
[10]
Assessthe following statements and decide whether they are true or false. Write only the number of
the question and TRUEor FALSEon your answer sheet.
2.1 In molecular diagnostics DNA or RNA can be extracted from a patient sample like plasma or
urine.
(1)
2.2 The Allied Health Professions Council is concerned with the service benefits and salaries of
practising medical technologists.
(1)
2.3 Blood donors are recruited e.g. in schools and in newspaper advertisements, and get paid for
their blood.
(1)
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IML511S FIRST OPPORTUNITY
2.4 Records created by the MLS in a laboratory belong to the patient since he/she paid for the test. (1)
2.5 Mouth pipetting may be performed when using a graduated glass pipette to measure out
serum.
(1)
2.6 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)needs to be tested STAT(urgently) because the elements disintegrate
easily and the conditions for which they are drawn, tend to be life threatening.
(1)
2.7 In spectrophotometry, absorbance of light is directly proportional to the concentration of the
substance.
(1)
2.8 The reference range for a specific analyte, eg cholesterol, is the range of concentrations found
in a healthy person.
(1)
2.9 If you have a total quality management system in place, there should not be a concern for
continuous improvement.
(1)
2.10 The quality control samples are treated differently from patient samples, and special care
should be taken when running quality control samples.
(1)
QUESTION 3
[20]
Define/ briefly describe the following terms
3.1 Congenital infections
(2)
3.2 Rhesus blood group system
(2)
3.3 Bio-hazard
(2)
3.4 On board time of reagents
(2)
3.5 Package inserts of reagents
(2)
3.6 The chemical reaction·of anticoagulants in Vacutainers
(2)
3.7 The principle on which a thermometer functions
(2)
3.8 Centrifugation
(2)
3.9 Distillation
(2)
3.10 Random errors
(2)
SECTION B (60 MARKS)
QUESTION 4
[6]
Define "haematology" and explain briefly what your work will entail if you work as a medical laboratory
scientist (MLS) in a haematology lab. Name the four tests which are most commonly done here.
(6)
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IML511S FIRST OPPORTUNITY
QUESTION 5
[6)
5.1 Name any one of the rights of a MLS who is working in a clinical laboratory.
(1)
5.2 List two factors which influence us when we develop values.
(2)
5.3 Complete the following quotation from American Society for Clinical Pathology:
"I am aware that since the ...(a)....... relies on my work in the diagnosis and treatment of
......(b)...... even a trivial error may affect seriously the ...(c)..... or even the life of a patient.
Every procedure, therefore, must be carried out with thoughtfulness and accuracy."
(3)
QUESTION 6
[13)
6.1 Explain rules regarding food and drink in the lab.
(3)
6.2 Give two (2) examples of hazardous waste.
(2)
6.3 Describe two (2) modes of transmission of blood-borne infections in the lab.
(4)
6.4 List what you should NOT do in case of a burn wound.
(3)
6.5 What should staff in peripheral (far from head office) labs do if they have to dispose of
chemicals which have expired?
(1)
QUESTION 7
[8]
7.1 Link each number in column A with the appropriate answer in column B.
(5)
VACUTAINERSTOPPER TESTSPERFORMED(COLUMN B)
COLOUR(COLUMN A)
1. Yellow
A. Serology, blood transfusion
2. Red
B. Glucose
3. Light blue
4. Grey
C. Most clinical chemistry and immunochemistry tests
where serum is required
D. Coagulation
5. Purple
E. Haematology, flow cytometry
7.2 List three precautions that need to be taken when a urine sample is collected for testing.
(3)
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IML511S FIRST OPPORTUNITY
QUESTION 8
[9]
8.1 You have bought four glucose standards with given concentrations. You ran the glucose test
on each standard and recorded the absorbance of each standard read on a spectrophotometer.
You plotted a standard curve of concentration and absorbance. State three rules which apply
to the graph which is drawn.
(3)
8.2 Copy the following table in your answer sheet and complete it.
(6)
Standard
Control
Origin
Concentration of analyte known Use in the clinical
/ unknown
laboratory
QUESTION 9
[6]
9.1 A test on a patient serum ran outside the linear range of an instrument. The serum was diluted
1 to 4 and re-run. The reanalyzed result is 40 mmol/L. What is the final patient result that must
be reported to the doctor?
(2)
9.2 A ten-fold serial dil-ution is performed with a final dilution of 1/1000. The beginning dilution in
tube 1 is 1/10.
What is the dilution in each tube?
If the original concentration had been 75,000 umol/L, what would the concentration be in
tube 3?
(4)
QUESTION 10
[12]
10.1 Evaluate the importance of internal quality control in the clinical laboratory. List four reasons
why we do IQC on a daily basis.
(4)
10.2 Differentiate between accuracy and precision of a testing method.
(4)
10.3 Give alternate terms for "reference range". Explain how reference ranges are used in the
clinical laboratory. Describe how a reference range is obtained.
(4)
END OF QUESTION PAPER. GOOD LUCK!
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