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EPR511S - ENGLISH IN PRACTICE FM - 1ST OPP - NOVEMBER 2025 |
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nAmlBIA UnlVERSITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLOGY
FACULTY OF COMMERCE, HUMAN SCIENCES AND EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGES
COURSE CODE: EPR511S
SESSION: OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2025
COURSE NAME: ENGLISH IN PRACTICE
MODE: PM and DI
DURATION: 3 Hours
MARKS: 100
FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S) Mr J.Masule
Ms J. Jahanika
MODERATOR: Dr. E. lithindi
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Read all the questions carefully before answering.
3. Number the answers clearly
THIS EXAMINATION PAPER CONSISTS OF _11_ PAGES (Including this front page)
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SECTION A: READING COMPREHENSION
[30 Marks]
Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow
Breaking the Chain of corruption
1. Corruption refers to a form of criminal activity or dishonesty. It refers to an evil act by an
individual or a group. Most noteworthy, this act compromises the rights and privileges of
others. Furthermore, corruption primarily includes activities like bribery or embezzlement.
However, corruption can take place in many ways. Most probably, people in positions of
authority are susceptible to corruption. Corruption certainly reflects greedy and selfish
behavior.
Methods of corruption
2. First of all, bribery is the most common method of corruption. Bribery involves the
improper use of favours and gifts in exchange for personal gain . Furthermore, the types of
favours are diverse. Above all, the favours include money, gifts, company shares, sexual
favours, employment, entertainment, and political benefits. Also, personal gain can be -
giving preferential treatment and overlooking crime.
3. Embezzlement refers to the act of withholding assets for the purpose of theft.
Furthermore, it takes place by one or more individuals who were entrusted with these
assets. Above all, embezzlement is a type of financial fraud.
4. The graft is a global form of corruption . Most noteworthy, it refers to the illegal use of a
politician's authority for personal gain. Furthermore, a popular way for the graft is
misdirecting public funds for the benefit of politicians.
5. Extortion is another major method of corruption. It means to obtain property, money or
services illegally. Above all, this obtainment takes place by coercing individuals or
organisations. Hence, Extortion is quite similar to blackmail.
6. Favouritism and nepotism are quite old form of corruption still in usage. This refers to a
person favouring one's own relatives and friends to jobs. This is certainly a very unfair
practice. This is because many deserving candidates fail to get jobs.
7. Abuse of discretion is another method of corruption. Here, a person misuses one's power
and authority. An example can be a judge unjustly dismissing a criminal's case.
8. Finally, influence peddling is the last method here. This refers to illegally using one's
influence with the government or other authorised individuals. Furthermore, it takes place
in order to obtain preferential treatment or favour.
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Ways of Stopping corruption
9. One important way of preventing corruption is to give a better salary in a government job.
Many government employees receive pretty low salaries. Therefore, they resort to bribery
to meet their expenses. So, government employees should receive higher salaries.
Consequently, high salaries would reduce their motivation and resolve to engage in bribery.
10. Increasing the number of workers can be another suitable way of curbing corruption. In
many government offices, the workload is very high. This provides an opportunity to slow
down the work by government employees. Consequently, these employees then indulge in
bribery in return for faster delivery of work. Hence, this opportunity to bribe can be
removed by bringing in more employees in government offices.
11. Tough laws are very important for stopping corruption. Above all, strict punishments
need to be meted out to guilty individuals. Furthermore, there should be an efficient and
quick implementation of strict laws.
12. Applying cameras in workplaces is an excellent way to prevent corruption. Above all,
many individuals would refrain from indulging in corruption due to fear of being caught.
Furthermore, these individuals would have otherwise engaged in corruption .
13. The government must make sure to keep inflation low. Due to the rise in prices, many
people feel their incomes to be too low. Consequently, this increases corruption among the
masses. Businessmen raise prices to sell their stock of goods at higher prices. Furthermore,
the politician supports them due to the benefits they receive.
14. To sum it up, corruption is a great evil of society. This evil should be quickly eliminated
from society. corruption is the poison that has penetrated the minds of many individuals
these days. Hopefully, with consistent political and social efforts, we can get rid of corruption .
(Source: https://www.csu-jaip ur.edu)
1. Which method of corruption is described as the most common in the article? (1)
2. According to the article, how does bribery typically work as a method of
corruption?
(2)
3. Why does corruption mostly affect people in positions of authority?
(2)
4. As stated in the article, mention four favours commonly involved in bribery. (4)
5. Describe four ways in which corruption can occur, according to the article. (4)
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6. According to the article, what seems to be one important reason why government
employees resort to bribery?
(2)
7. State where corruption is most likely to take place, as mentioned in the article.
(2)
8. As mentioned in the article, what are the two main reasons of increasing the
number of workers in government offices?
(4)
9. Explain the meaning of the following phrases as used in the article.
(4)
a) "...Compromises the rights and privileges of others." (Paragraph 1)
b) "...Withholding assets for the i:,urpose of theft." (Paragraph 3)
c) "...Illegal use of a politician' s authority for personal gain." (Paragraph 4)
d) "...Efficient and quick implementation of strict laws." (Paragraph 11)
10. Which underlined words from the article match the following definitions? Write
the correct word next to the number that matches its meaning.
(5)
a) The act of taking money or property illegally, often by someone in a position
of trust.
b) To force someone to give you something, often money, by using threats.
c) Treating someone more favourably than others, especially unfairly.
d) The misuse of power or position for personal advantage.
e) The unlawful use of influence with officials or those in authority to obtain
special treatment.
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SECTION B:
GRAMMAR
[30 MARKS]
Read the passage above again on Breaking the Chain of corruption once again and answer
the grammar questions below.
1. Verb Tenses
[6 marks]
1.1. Identify the tense of the verb in this sentence: "corruption primarily includes activities
like bribery or embezzlement."
(1)
1.2. Rewrite this sentence using the past continuous tense: "People in positions of authority
are susceptible to corruption."
(2)
1.3. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets: "Many
government employees (receive) pretty low salaries."
(1)
1.4. Change this sentence to future tense: "corruption is a great evil of society."
(2)
2. Active and Passive Voice
[6 marks]
2.1. Change to passive voice : "Many government employees receive low salaries."
(2)
2.2. Identify whether this sentence is active or passive: "Strict punishments need to be
meted out to guilty individuals."
(1)
2.3. Change to active voice : "An opportunity to bribe can be removed by bringing in more
employees."
(3)
3. Direct and Indirect Speech
[4 marks]
3.1. Write the indirect speech of this direct speech : The official said, "corruption is the
poison that has penetrated society."
(2)
3.2. Convert to direct speech : The article states that bribery involves the improper use of
favours.
(2)
4. Gerunds and Infinitives
[5 marks]
4.1. Identify whether the verb in the sentence is a gerund or an infinitive: "Preventing
corruption is important."
(1)
4.2. Fill in the blank with a gerund or infinitive: "Government employees should (receive)
higher salaries."
(1)
4.3. Rewrite the sentence using a gerund: "The government must make sure to keep
inflation low."
(3)
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5. Present and Past Participles
[3 marks]
5.1. Identify the participle and its type in this sentence: "Many individuals would refrain
from indulging in corruption due to fear of being caught."
(1)
5.2. Use a past participle to start a sentence about corruption .
(2)
6. Conditional Sentences
[6 marks]
6.1. Complete the first conditional sentence: "If government employees receive higher
salaries, they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not engage) in bribery."
(2)
6.2. Change this sentence into a first conditional: "High workload leads employees to indulge
in bribery."
(2)
6.3 . Write a first conditional sentence about stopping corruption using 'If.'
(2)
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Section C: Critical Reading and Summarising
[40 Marks]
Read the Article below and answer the questions that follow.
The Importance of Urban Green Spaces
Urban green spaces as an important contributor can be a significant part of sustainable
development. Developments of urban green spaces need to consider interdisci-plinary and
integrative approaches such as economic, political, social, cultural, management and
planning aspects to improve existing urban green spaces' facilities and services, and to
optimize urban green space policies [l]. The definition of urban green spaces which is
agreed on by ecologists, economists, social scientists and plan-ners is public and private
open spaces in urban areas, primarily covered by vegetation, which are directly (e.g. active
or passive recreation) or indirectly (e.g. positive influence on the urban environment)
available for the users [2]. Based on the studies of different cities, different researchers
provide some guidelines to evaluate the nature of green spaces.
Firstly, one of the main factors in determining the nature of green spaces is their quantity in
the city [3]. Secondly, existing qualities like activities and experiences, and perceived
benefits to the users de-termine the utilization of green spaces [4]. Thirdly, the functionality
of those green spaces is equally influenced by the location and distribution (accessibility) in
the whole city [4-6]. Irrespective of level of development of any country, many countries are
facing one of the most important challenges: the adequate development of sustainable
cities. In this regard, urban green spaces can provide social, economic, cultural and
psychological services especially for the wellbeing of the urban dwellers and for tourists as
well. Sustainable development of cities and development of urban green spaces are very
important, since almost half of the world population now live in urban area where the pace
for rural-urban migration and pressure from international migration in developed countries
is still high, as most of the immigrants in developed coun-tries live in central or big cities of
the country.
Moreover, it is an urgent need to improve the lifestyles of urban people and there should be
a special focus on the consideration of environmental impact of human activities by raising
awareness to the rational use of energy, water and food consumption and natural resources
for environ-mental sustainability.
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Finally, the role played by green spaces in our urban environments can no longer be ignored
by today's policy makers. Since many studies conducted in cities in Europe, Asia and USA
show the enormous challenges in providingquality level green spaces and adequate green
spaces in the cities. To get maximum level contribution from urban green spaces, local
approach and integrative approaches should be focused to overcome the challenges faced
by different cities in different countries including the land allocation, size and number of
green spaces based on the number of urban dwellers, accessible facilities for dwellers or
tourists.
Urban green spaces parks, gardens, and natural reserves within cities play a vital role in
enhancing the quality of urban life. These areas provide residents with places to relax,
exercise, and socialize, contributing to physical and mental well-being.
Moreover, they improve air quality by reducing pollution and provide habitats for wildlife.
Despite their importance, many cities face a challenge: rapid urbanization often leads to the
reduction of green spaces in favor of buildings and roads. City planners and governments
increasingly recognize that sustainable urban development requires a balance between
construction and conservation. Innovative solutions such as vertical gardens, rooftop green
spaces, and community gardens are being implemented to maximize greenery in limited
spaces.
However, there are debates about who should have access to these green spaces and how
they should be maintained. Some argue that public green spaces should be freely accessible
to all, while others believe that private ownership encourages better maintenance and
investment.
In conclusion, urban green spaces are not just leisure areas but essential components of
healthy, sustainable cities. Ensuring their preservation and expansion requires collaboration
between authorities, communities, and urban developers.
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Select the best option (A, B, C, or D} to answer each question below:
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
(2)
a) Types of urban buildings
b) The role and importance of urban green spaces
c) Urban transportation issues
d) Wildlife conservation in rural areas
2. Why does the passage mention problems caused by rapid urbanisation?
(2)
a) To show why urban green spaces are unnecessary
b) To explain challenges in preserving green areas in cities
c) To describe rural development
d) To criticize city planners
3. According to the text, what benefits do urban green spaces offer?
(2)
a) They provide places for relaxing, improve air quality, and support wildlife
b) They increase urban pollution
c) They boost construction projects
d) They limit social interactions
4. What might be a reason some people prefer private ownership of green spaces?
(2)
a) They want to limit access
b) Private owners may maintain and invest better in the spaces
c) They believe green spaces are unnecessary
d) To develop the land more quickly
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5. The passage presents two viewpoints on accessibility of green spaces. Which statement
best evaluates these views?
(2)
a) Public access ensures everyone benefits, but maintenance can be a problem
b) Private ownership is the only way to preserve green spaces
c) Green spaces should be turned into commercial areas
d) Only public green spaces matter for urban development
6. How do vertical gardens and rooftop green spaces compare to traditional parks?
(2)
a) They both increase greenery but use limited urban space creatively
b) They replace parks completely
c) They are less valuable
d) They only serve wildlife, not people
7. What is the main contribution of urban green spaces to cities?
(2)
A) Increased construction
B) Sustainable development
C) More roads
D) Higher pollution
8. Which approaches are important when developing urban green spaces?
(2)
A) Only economic
B) Political and cultural only
C) Interdisciplinary and integrative
D) Management only
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9. How are urban green spaces defined by experts?
(2)
A) Public and private vegetated open spaces in urban areas
B} Only public parks
C} Parking lots with trees
D) Buildings painted green
10. What are some key factors determining the nature of green spaces?
(2)
A) Quantity, activities, location
B} Only size
C} Only number of trees
D) Types of benches
Section C: Outlining and Summarising Writing
[20 Marks]
Outline the main points discussed in the passage about urban green spaces. Write your
outline in 5 clear points. Then write a short summary in 180 words of the passage,
highlighting the importance of urban green spaces and the challenges in maintaining them.
[ The End]
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