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WAS512S - WATER AND SANITATION - 1ST OPP- NOV 2022 |
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NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF HEALTH, APPLIED SCIENCES and NATURAL RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION CODE: 08 BOHS
LEVEL: 5
COURSE NAME: WATER AND SANITATION
DATE: NOVEMBER 2022
COURSE CODE: WAS512S
SESSION: 15T Opportunity
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100
EXAMINER
FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
MRS MOUYELELE HAUFIKU
MODERATOR: MS CHARMAINE JANSEN
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read all the questions carefully before answering
2. Marks for each question are indicated at the end of each question
3. Number the answers clearly.
4. Please ensure that your writing is legible, neat and presentable
PERMISSIBLEMATERIAL: NONE
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 6 PAGES
(Including this front page)
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SECTION A [20 MARKS]
QUESTION 1
1.0 Define the following terms/concepts in the context of Water and Sanitation.
1.1 Groundwater
1.2 Water - table
1.3 Permeable
1.4 Distillation
1.5 Reverse Osmosis
1.6 Faecal Oral route
1.7 Waterborne diseases
1.8 Water - washed diseases
1.9 Water- based diseases
1.10 Sewage
[10]
[1]
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[1]
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QUESTION 2
2.0 Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given. Write the question number with
the correct letter to the answer.
[1x10 = 10 marks]
[10]
2.1 According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the water source has to be within.
[1]
a) 1000 m of the house
b) 1500 m of the house
c) 200 m of the house
d) 3000 m of the house
2.2 Water that is free from pathogens which are introduced to the water through faeces,
dirty containers and safe for drinking is called.
[1]
a) Palatable water
b) Potable water
c) Raw water
d) Colourless water
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2.3 This hardness is due to the presence of carbonates of calcium and magnesium and can be
removed by boiling.
[1]
a) Permanent hardness
b) Acute hardness
c) Reversible hardness
d) Temporary hardness
2.4 All the following are disadvantages of ground water, except.
[1]
a) Usually requires pumping for extraction
b) Likely to be contaminated by dust and dirt
c) May have a high level of bicarbonate, carbonate and chloride
d) Poor in oxygen content
2.5. This bacteria will be one of the first bacteria that will be present in the water should
contamination occur, and they will be in much larger quantities than others.
[1]
a) Coliform
b) Giardia lamblia
c) Cryptosporidium
d) Hepatitis A
2.6 ______
animals.
are flagellated protozoa that are parasitic in the intestines of humans and
[1]
a) Coliform
b) Giardia lamblia
c) Cryptosporidium
d) Hepatitis A
2.7 ______
a parasite that is spread by the transmission of ocysts via drinking water
which has been contaminated with infected faecal material.
[1]
a) Coliform
b) Giardia lamblia
c) Cryptosporidium
d) Hepatitis A
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2.8 This primary process in waste treatment consists of a fixed screen and a moving cutter to
grind solids which are able to pass through the screen into smaller pieces about 0.3 cm in
size or smaller.
[1]
a) Screening
b) Grit removal
c) Comminution
d) Sedimentation
2.9 The waste stabilization pond that has a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic conditions is
known as.
[1]
a) Anaerobic
b) Facultative
c) Maturation
d) Waste
2.10 This general term is used to refer to the contents that comes out of toilets, its contents
may include faeces, urine, paper condoms, tampons and any another materials that
people find convenient to flash down the toilets.
[1]
a) Domestic sewage
b) Storm water runoff
c) Grey water
d) Black water
SECTION B [20 MARKS]
QUESTION 3
3.0 Interpret the following abbreviations in the context of water and sanitation
3.1 WASH
3.2 CLTS
3.3 MAWF
3.4 NGO
3.5 VIP
3.6 WHO
[10]
[1]
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3.7 PHAST
[1]
3.8 WATSAN
[1]
3.9 WPC
[1]
3.10 WWTP
[1]
QUESTION 4
4.1 Mention any five (5) disadvantages of ground water
[5]
4.2 Water sources can be classified as protected or unprotected. Outline any five (5)
characteristics of a protected water source.
[5]
SECTION C [60 MARKS]
QUESTION 5
5.0 One of the main duties of a water supply provider is to ensure that a safe and sufficient
water supply is available to all segments of a community at a reasonable cost. This may
mean seeking new water sources to satisfy demand. Identifying potential new sources
and assessing their viability prior to development is a skilled technical task that
require several different factors to be assessed.
[20]
5.1 Name and explain the seven (7) factors to consider before developing a water source.
[14]
5.2 State any six (6) factors to consider in the selection of a site for constructing waste
stabilization ponds.
[6]
QUESTION 6
6.0 Elaborate on the five (5) main objective of water treatment and describe the large scale
surface water treatment process.
[20]
[20]
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QUESTION 7
7.1 There is an outbreak of cholera at your village. As an upcoming Environmental Health
Practitioner (EHP), you are asked to give health education on cholera, elaborating on its
definition, causes, how it is transmitted and prevention methods.
[20]
[10]
7.2 Explain how you would sample water from the tap
[10]
TOTAL MARKS= 100
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