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ANH620S - ANIMAL HEALTH - 2ND OPP - JAN 2020 |
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NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SPATIAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF AGRICULTURE
QUALIFICATION CODE: 07BAGR
LEVEL: 7
COURSE CODE: ANH620S
COURSE NAME: ANIMAL HEALTH
SESSION: JANUARY 2020
DURATION: 3 HOURS
PAPER: THEORY
MARKS: 100
SUPPLEMENTARY / SECOND OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S) | PROF. T. WASSENAAR
MOpDERATOR: | DR. A. SAMKANGE
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly.
3. Number the answers clearly.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS
1. All written work MUST be done in blue or black ink
2.._No books, notes and other additional aids are allowed
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 3 PAGES (excluding this front page)
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Question 1
Immunity and vaccinations, causes of disease, their transmission and
spread
1.4
List the main properties of the innate immune system
12
a) What are adjuvants? (1 mark)
b) How do they work? (3 marks)
1.3
Discuss the white cells of both the innate and acquired immune systems. Include
their names, where they are produced, what immune system they are part of,
where they are found in the body and what they do.
1.4
Discuss three microbial infectious causes of disease, indicating the main
characteristics of each type of microbe. Include an example of a disease caused by
each, where relevant.
1.5
Draw an organogram to explain the different types of adaptive/acquired immunity,
including the types of immunizations (0.5 marks for each component)
36 marks
5 marks
4 marks
12 marks
9 marks
6 marks
Question 2. —__ Notifiable diseases, the law and veterinary services
2.1
List four animal diseases in Namibia that are notifiable according to the Animal
Health Act of 2011
2:2
Name two of the important legislations that mandates the control of animal health
in Namibia.
6 marks
4 marks
2 marks
Question 3 Infectious and non-infectious diseases
26 marks
3.1
Below is a table containing some basic information about four infectious diseases,
with some missing information numbered a - f. Provide the missing information.
6 marks
Disease | Typeof | Affectedspecies(= = =+—| Most important symptom
| pathogen | “susceptible host”)
ae
:
Bluetongue | Virus
(a)
(b)
(c)
Virus
Domesticated ruminants:
Fever, abortion storm, sudden death or
lambs extremely susceptible | weakness; mucus and pus discharge from nose;
(70-100% die), sheep and
calves highly susceptible
bloody diarrhoea, small haemorrhages in
mucous membranes, yellow mucous
(60-70% die); wild
ruminants; humans
membranes
(d)
Bacterium | In Namibia, sheep are most | In sheep: abortions, few in year 1 with abortion
Bovine
(e)
susceptible, but it can affect | storm in subsequent lambing seasons.
cattle too
Cattle: can cause late-term abortions
(f)
Cows: abortion, stillbirths, weak calves,
brucellosis
retained placenta, drop in milk
Bulls: epididymitis, orchitis
Infertility, arthritis
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3.2
List two common infectious causes of abortion in cattle
2 marks
3.3
Write short notes on the following:
(i) What would make you suspect African Swine Fever in a piggery (4 marks)
(ii) The causes and treatment of bumblefoot in chickens (4 marks)
8 marks
3.4
Read the example below that deals with rabies, then write sentences that describe
4 marks
the following aspects of the disease rabies:
- The course of the disease (is it peracute, acute or chronic) (0.5 mark)
- What is the cause (0.5 mark)
- | Which organ system is mostly affected (0.5 mark)
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Howis it transmitted (0.5 mark)
- Which species are affected (0.5 mark)
- Most important symptoms (0.5 mark)
- | Most important pathological signs (0.5 mark)
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Howis it controlled (0.5 mark)
Example: Bluetongue is a peracute to chronic viral disease transmitted by biting
midges. The virus damages the walls of blood vessels resulting in swelling and blue
discolouration of the tongue, salivation and nasal discharges, fever, redness of face,
groin and coronary bands and abortions. It affects many ruminant species, with
sheep being the most severely affected. The main post-mortem findings are
haemorrhages, oedema, necrotic lesions in many muscles, redness and swellings.
There are no effective treatments, hence control relies on movement control, vector
control, limiting exposure to areas close to water, and vaccinations.
3.5
(i) Define “zoonosis” (1 mark)
(ii) Name five zoonotic diseases. (5 marks)
6 marks
Question4 Animal Health Management, Animal Welfare
4.1
A farmer is complaining that his young cattle are dying. Describe the entire
investigative approach you will take in order to arrive at a tentative diagnosis of the
cause(s) of mortalities in his herd. For each procedure in the investigation, explain
why you are asking a specific question or doing a specific examination (10 marks)
4.2
Explain how you could increase host resistance against disease.
4.3
Explain the concept of biosecurity and how this might apply to a farm by applying
the three main principles of segregation, cleaning and disinfection
4.4
(a) Discuss the philosophy behind animal welfare and its relationship with the
principle of humane treatment.
(b) Are there any instances where humane treatment of sentient non-human
species is not applicable?
4.5
With the aid of a flow-diagram, explain the different types and uses of antimicrobial
drugs.
4.6
(i) With reference to antibiotics, what do the terms broad-spectrum and narrow-
spectrum refer to?
(ii) How will you apply your knowledge of broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum to
treat an animal with a bacterial infection?
32 marks
10 marks
6 marks
4 marks
4 marks
5 marks
3 marks
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