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ANH620S - ANIMAL HEALTH - 1ST OPP - NOV 2024 |
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n Am I BI A u n IVER s I TY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLOGY
FACULTY OF HEALTH, NATURAL RESOURCES AND APPLIED SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND AGRIBUSINESS
QUALIFICATIONS: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
QUALIFICATIONS CODE:
07BAGA
LEVEL: 7
COURSE CODE: ANH620S
COURSE: ANIMAL HEALTH
DATE: JANUARY 2025
PAPER: 1
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100
SECOND OPPORTUNITY/SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER:
PROF. T. WASSENAAR
MODERATOR: MRS. LUCIA TUYENI-KELAO KAFIDI
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer all the questions.
2. Write neatly and clearly.
3. Mark all answers clearly with their respective question numbers.
4. All written work MUST be done in blue or black ink.
5. No books, notes and other additional aids are allowed.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS
1. Pen & Pencil
2. Examination paper
3. Examination script
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 5 PAGES
(Excluding This Front Page)
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SECTION 1: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
[47]
QUESTION 1.1
(10)
(i) Explain the modes of transmission of diseases in farm animals (1 mark each for
main division into two kinds, 0.5 marks for each subsequent division)
(8)
(ii) In your opinion, why is it important to understand the modes of transmission of
diseases?
(2)
QUESTION 1.2
(12)
Name six different types of infectious agents that can cause diseases. Give an example of
a disease caused by each agent.
QUESTION 1.3
(6)
Below is a table containing some basic information about four infectious diseases, with
some missing information numbered a -f. Provide the missing information.
Disease
Avian Influenza
{c)
{d)
Bovine
brucellosis
Type of
pathogen
(a)
Bacterium
Bacterium
(e)
Affected species
(= "susceptible
host")
(b)
Cattle
In Namibia,
sheep are most
susceptible, but
can affect cattle
too
(f)
Most important symptom
Respiratory symptoms with
facial swelling and blue comb
Fast, difficult or noisy breathing,
discharges from the nose,
shallow coughing especially
after exercise, >5% die of
respiratory symptoms
In sheep: abortions, few in year 1
with abortion storm in
subsequent lambing seasons.
Cattle: can cause late-term
abortions
Cows: abortion, stillbirths, weak
calves, retained placenta, drop
in milk
Bulls: epididymitis, orchitis
Infertility, arthritis
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QUESTION 1.4
(2)
List two common infectious causes of abortion in sheep
QUESTION 1.5
(5)
Explain briefly the etiology of pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep.
QUESTION 1.6
(8)
Read the example below that deals with Bluetongue, then write sentences that describe
the following aspects of the disease rabies:
a) Is it peracute/acute/chronic
(1)
b) What is the cause
( 1)
c) Which organ system is mostly affected
( 1)
d) How is it transmitted
(1)
e) Which species are affected
(1)
f) Most important symptoms
(1)
g) Most important pathological signs
( 1)
h) How is it controlled
(1)
For your convenience, here is an example for a different disease: Bluetongue is a
peracute to chronic viral disease transmitted by biting midges. The virus damages the walls
of blood vessels resulting in swelling and blue discolouration of the tongue, salivation and
nasal discharges, fever, redness of face, groin and coronary bands and abortions. It affects
many ruminant species, with sheep being the most severely affected. The main post-
mortem findings are haemorrhages, oedema, necrotic lesions in many muscles, redness
and swellings. There are no effective treatments, hence control relies on movement
control, vector control, limiting exposure to areas close to water, and vaccinations.
Question 1.7
(4)
When considering reservoirs of disease (reservoirs are places or animals where disease
pathogens can survive and be ready to infect a new host), it is important to understand that
there are two types of animal carriers that can be reservoirs of infectious diseases. These
two types are called (a) asymptomatic carriers, which are further divided into three sub-
types, and (b) passive carriers. Define the types of animal carriers and their sub-types and
give an example where you can.
SECTION 2: NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASE
[20]
QUESTION 2.1
(4)
Name 4 possible ways in which you can control or manage the round worm problem.
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QUESTION 2.2
(4)
Name 4 possible detrimental health implications that a high tick (ectoparasites) load can
have for your stock.
QUESTION 2.3
(8)
You suspect some animals have died of gifblaar (poison leaf/otjikuyoma) poisoning.
a) Name at least two indicator plant species that can help to confirm the possible
presence of gifblaar in the area
(2)
b) What advice will you give the farmer regarding treatment, prevention, and control of
gifblaar?
(6)
QUESTION 2.4
(4)
You have some sheep that start showing neurological symptoms, depression and are
starting to turn in circles. Your diagnosis is "draaisiekte" (turning disease).
a) What parasite causes this disease?
(1)
b) What will you find in the postmortem to confirm your diagnosis? (2)
c) Looking at the table below-what chemical group would you use to treat your flock?
(1)
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Chemical group
Remedies
Spectrum
*1
Macrocyclic lactones
lvermectin;
Roundworms; Fly
Abamectin;
larvae
Moxidectin
2
Benzimidazoles
Thibendazole;
Roundworms and
Mebendazole;
eggs
Albendazole;
Triclabedazole;
Fenbendazole
3
lmidiothiazoles
Levamisole
Roundworms
4
Salicylanilides
Rafoxanide**;
Flukes and some
Closantel**;
tapeworms
Resorantel;
**Roundworms
Niclosamide;
Oxyclosanide
5
Phenols
Nitroxynil; Disophenol Roundworms
6
Sulphonamides
Clorsulon
Flukes
7
Organophosphates
Haloxon; Tricholorfon; Roundworms
Napthalophos
8
lsoquinaline
Praziquantel
Tapeworms
9
Other
Morantel; Pyrantel
Roundworms
(Tetrahydropyrimidine)
SECTION 3: IMMUNITY AND ANIMAL HEALTH
[33]
QUESTION 3.1
(3)
Lymphocytes are a specific type of white blood cell associated with the lymphatic system.
Name the three major types of lymphocytes.
QUESTION 3.2
(4)
How do vaccines work? Complete the following sentences
By inoculating (injecting or by mouth) a (a}_. __
version of the (b) ___
its antigen, the (c} ____
system is trained to recognise more (d).____
, or of a part of
versions of
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the pathogen. Because it is trained, it can recognise and mount a response much quicker
next time it is exposed to the natural, virulent version of the pathogen.
QUESTION 3.3
(5)
With reference to antibiotics:
a) What do the terms broad spectrum and narrow spectrum refer to? (2)
b) Give an example of a broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotic. (2)
c) How will you apply your knowledge of broad spectrum and narrow spectrum to treat an
animal with a bacterial infection?
(1)
QUESTION 3.4
(6)
Explain how you could increase host resistance against disease.
QUESTION 3.5
(10)
A farmer is complaining that his young cattle are dying. Describe the entire investigative
approach you will take to arrive at a tentative diagnosis of the cause(s) of mortalities in his
herd. For each procedure in the investigation, explain why you are asking a specific
question or doing a specific examination.
QUESTION 3.6
(5)
Explain what you understand under the term "sentience" in animals
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