ETP720S - Experimental Techniques for Process Engineers 324 - 1st Opp. Nov 2022 :: NUST past examination papers between 2020 and 2024

Expand document

Collapse document

ETP720S - Experimental Techniques for Process Engineers 324 - 1st Opp. Nov 2022

1 Pages 1-10

1.1 Page 1

1.2 Page 2

1.3 Page 3

1.4 Page 4

1.5 Page 5

1.6 Page 6

1.7 Page 7

1.8 Page 8

1.9 Page 9

1.10 Page 10

2 Pages 11-20

2.1 Page 11

2.2 Page 12

2.3 Page 13

2.4 Page 14

2.5 Page 15

2.6 Page 16

ETP720S - Experimental Techniques for Process Engineers 324 - 1st Opp. Nov 2022

1 Pages 1-10

▲back to top

1.1 Page 1

▲back to top

nAm I BI A u n IVE RS ITV

OF SCIEnCE

TECHnOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENTOF CIVIL,MINING & PROCESSENGINEERING

QUALIFICATION(S): BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN METALLURGY & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BEMT & 08BECE LEVEL: 7

COURSE CODE: ETP720S

SESSION: NOVEMBER 2022

DURATION: 3 HOURS

COURSE NAME: EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES

FOR PROCESSENGINEERS 324

PAPER: THEORY

MARKS: 100

EXAMINER:

MODERATOR:

FIRSTOPPORTUNITYQUESTION PAPER

MR. THOMAS MOONGO

PROF. JONAS ADDAI-MENSAH

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Answer all questions.

2. Read all the questions carefully before answering.

3. Marks for each questions are indicated at the end of each question.

4. Please ensure that your writing is legible, neat, and presentable.

PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS

1. Examination paper.

2. Calculator and stationary.

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 8 PAGES (Including this front page)

llPage

1.2 Page 2

▲back to top

1.3 Page 3

▲back to top

SECTIONA

[30 marks]

Question 1

[5 marks]

To conduct experiments effectively, a process engineer should have several skills. Name and

explain five (5) skills required to conduct experiments effectively.

Question 2

[5 marks]

Differentiate between the Taguchi and the classical design of experiment (DOE).

Question 3

[5 marks]

Explain the concept FundamentalError {FE).Nameand explain the two characteristics of broken ore

materials that contributes to its origin.

Question 4

[5 marks]

During process design test work, the ore must go through mineralogical and chemical analysis.

Write the following abbreviations of the ore characterization techniques in full.

a) QUEMSCAN

b) FTIR

c) ICP- OES

d) ICP-AES

e) FT-NMR

Question 5

[S marks]

A process engineer well versed with experimental techniques should have a good understanding of

analytical equipment. Briefly explain how the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) work. Give a

diagram illustrating the operating principles of the AAS.

Question 6

[5 marks]

With reference to the below graph, explain how the calibration curve is created and applied during

the experimentation process especially when it comes to the chemical analysis of samples.

21Page

8_50

"' 40

C1J

y = 52.357x + 0.6286

r = 0.9997

E 10

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.4

Concentration /mg L-1

1.4 Page 4

▲back to top

1.5 Page 5

▲back to top

SECTION B

[70 marks]

Question 1

[10 marks]

Process engineers are conducting experiments in the oil and gas industry for the recently discovered

oil in Namibia. A 23 full factorial experiment was tarried out to understand the interaction between

factor A and B. Calculate the interaction between factor A and B. In addition to that use the graphical

method to illustrate if there is an interaction between factor A and B.

Run

(standard order) (randomized order)

-1

Response

(ppm)

-1

420,412

-1

370,375

-1

310,289

-1

410,415

375,388

450,442

325,322

350,340

Question 2

[10 marks]

Process engineers with an entrepreneurial mindset are setting up a battery manufacturing

company. The table below shows some of the experimental results obtained. Calculate the sample

standard deviation and sample variance for the data set.

152

327

612

274

496

385

256

401

231

307

585

754

825

293

775

974

137

259

Question 3

[10 marks]

A researcher investigated the quantitative determination of Cr in high-alloy steels by a

potentiometric titration of Cr6+. Before titrating, the steel was dissolved in acid and the chromium

oxidized to Cr6+ by peroxydisulfate. Following are their results (%w/w Cr) for the analysis of a single

reference steel.

16.968 16.922 16.840 16.883

16.887 16.977 16.857 16.728

Calculate the 95% confidence interval about the mean.

3IPage

1.6 Page 6

▲back to top

1.7 Page 7

▲back to top

Question 4

[10 marks]

Process engineers believe that it takes on average less than 45 days to finalize uranium heap

leaching experiments due to slow leaching kinetics. To test this claim, process engineers randomly

conducted 12 uranium heap leaching experiments and the duration ofthe experiments are shown

below in days.

Test at 5% level of significance whether the process engineers' claim is likely to be true. Clearly show

all the steps and illustration diagrams if necessary.

Question 5

[10 marks]

Namib Lead and Zinc Mine is considering undertaking experiments to improve process efficiencies.

First, they are considering determining the minimum quantity of a sample required for metallurgical

test work for a lead ore assaying 5% Pb which must be routinely sampled for assay to a confidence

level of ±0.1% Pb, 95 times out of 100. Galena is essentially liberated from the quartz gangue at a

particle size of 150µm. Assume that the sample will be collected during crushing to a top size of 25

mm. The mean density of Galena and Quartz is 7.50 g/cm 3 and 2.65 g/cm 3.

Question 6

[20 marks]

The table below shows experimental data collected during a process test work for the green

hydrogen project in Namibia.

3 2 5 2 4 3 5 5 . 3 4.

y 26 28 24 18 35 24 36 25 31 37 30 32

Use the data to answer the following questions:

(a) Determine the value of variable y when x = 7 and calculate Pearson's correlation coefficient

by using the appropriate formula.

[10 marks]

(b) At the 5% level of significance, test whether the population correlation c;oefficient, p,

between variable x and y is actually zero. Clearly show all your steps and draw a sketch using

an appropriate statistical testing method for the correlation coefficient.

{lOmarks]

41Page

1.8 Page 8

▲back to top

1.9 Page 9

▲back to top

Listof Equations

t-crit = tca,n-1)

Range= X1argest - Xsmallest

C = fglm

½ IA,B = (EA,B(+l) - EA,B(-1))

y=b 0 +b 1x

z-stat

x-µ

=-a-

nixy-Ixiy

rJ2= 2:L. (X - µ)2

E=Zx-..(J/n

M=-

Cd 3

(J = If:,1 (xi- µ) 2

t-stat =-xs-- µ

../n

b _ nixy -Ixiy

1 - nix 2 - (Ix) 2

5 = I~ 1 Cxi-x) 2

n-1

m =-1[-(aa1-

Iy-b1Ix

a)r + at]

s2 =- 1-L(x - x)2

n-1

SI Page

1.10 Page 10

▲back to top

2 Pages 11-20

▲back to top

2.1 Page 11

▲back to top

STATISTICALTABLES

TABLEA.1

Cumulative Standardized Normal Distribution

A(:Z)is the integral of the standardized normal distribution

from - ooto z (in other words, the area under the curve to

the left of z). It gives theprobability of a normal random

variable not being more than z standard deviations above

its mean. Values of z of particular importance:

1.645

1.960

2.326

2.576

3.090

3.291

0.9500

0.9750

0.9900

0.9950

0.9990

0.9995

Lower limit of right 5% tail

Lower limit of right 2.5% tail

Lower limit of right 1% tail

Lower limit of right 0.5% tail

Lower limit of right 0.1% tail

Lower limit of right 0.05% tail

-4 -3

0.00

0.0 0.5000

0.1 0.5398

0.2 0.5793

0.3 0.6179

0.4 0.6554

0.5 0.6915

0.6 0.7257

0.7 0.7580

0.8 0.7881

0.9 0.8159

1.0 0.8413

I.I 0.8643

1.2 0.8849

1.3 0.9032

1.4 0.9192

1.5 0.9332

1.6 0.9452

1.7 0.9554

1.8 0.9641

1.9 0.9713

2.0 0.9772

2.1 0.9821

2.2 0.9861

2.3 0.9893

2.4 0.9918

2.5 0.9938

2.6 0.9953

2.7 0.9965

2.8 0.9974

2.9 0.9981

3.0 0.9987

3.1 0.9990

3.2 0.9993

3.3 0.9995

3.4 0.9997

3.5 0.9998

3.6 0.9998

-2

-1

0.01

o.oz

0.5040

0.5438

0.5832

0.6217

0.6591

0.6950

0.7291

0.761 I

0.7910

0.8186

0.8438

0.8665

0.8869

0.9049

0.9207

0.9345

0.9463

0.9564

0.9649

0.9719

0.9778

0.9826

0.9864

0.9896

0.9920

0.9940

0.9955

0.9966

0.9975

0.9982

0.9987

0.9991

0.9993

0.9995

0.9997

0.9998

0.5080

0.5478

0.5871

0.6255

0.6628

0.6985

0.7324

0.7642

0.7939

0.8212

0.8461

0.8686

0.8888

0.9066

0.9222

0.9357

0.9474

0.9573

0.9656

0.9726

0.9783

0.9830

0.9868

0.9898

0.9922

0.9941

0.9956

0.9967

0.9976

0.9982

0.9987

0.9991

0.9994

0.9995

0.9997

0.9998

0.9999

1z 2

0.03

0.5120

0.5517

0.5910

0.6293

0.6664

0.7019

0.7357

0.7673

0.7967

0.8238

0.8485

0.8708

0.8907

0.9082

0.9236

0.9370

0.9484

0.9582

0.9664

0.9732

0.9788

0.9834

0.9871

0.9901

0.9925

0.9943

0.9957

0.9968

0.9977

0.9983

0.9988

0.9991

0.9994

0.9996

0.9997

0.9998

0.04

0.05

0.5160

0.5557

0.5948

0.6331

0.6700

0.7054

0.7389

0.7704

0.7995

0.8264

0.8508

0.8729

0.8925

0.9099

0.9251

0.9382

0.9495

0.9591

0.9671

0.9738

0.9793

0.9838

0.9875

0.9904

0.9927

0.9945

0.9959

0.9969

0.9977

0.9984

0.9988

0.9992

0.9994

0.9996

0.9997

0.9998

0.5199

0.5596

0.5987

0.6368

0.6736

0.7088

0.7422

0.7734

0.8023

0.8289

0.8531

0.8749

0.8944

0.9115

0.9265

0.9394

0.9505

0.9599

0.9678

0.9744

0.9798

0.9842

0.9878

0.9906

0.9929

0.9946

0.9960

0.9970

0.9978

0.9984

0.9989

0.9992

0.9994

0.9996

0.9997

0.9998

0.06

0.5239

0.5636

0.6026

0.6406

0.6772

0.7123

0.7454

0.7764

0.8051

0.8315

0.8554

0.8770

0.8962

0.9131

0.9279

0.9406

0.9515

0.9608

0.9686

0.9750

0.9803

0.9846

0.9881

0.9909

0.9931

0.9948

0.9961

0.9971

0.9979

0.9985

0.9989

0.9992

0.9994

0.9996

0.9997

0.9998

O.o?

0.5279

0.5675

0.6064

0.6443

0.6808

0.7157

0.7486

0.7794

0.8078

0.8340

0.8577

0.8790

0.8980

0.9147

0.9292

0.9418

0.9525

0.9616

0.9693

0.9756

0.9808

0.9850

0.9884

0.9911

0.9932

0.9949

0.9962

0.9972

0.9979

0.9985

0.9989

0.9992

0.9995

0.9996

0.9997

0.9998

0.08

0.5319

0.5714

0.6103

0.6480

0.6844

0.7190

0.7517

0.7823

0.8106

0.8365

0.8599

0.8810

0.8997

0.9162

0.9306

0.9429

0.9535

0.9625

0.9699

0.9761

0.9812

0.9854

0.9887

0.9913

0.9934

0.9951

0.9963

0.9973

0.9980

0.9986

0.9990

0.9993

0.9995

0.9996

0.9997

0.9998

0.09

0.5359

0.5753

0.6141

0.6517

0.6879

0.7224

0.7549

0.7852

0.8133

0.8389

0.8621

0.8830

0.9015

0.9177

0.9319

0.9441

0.9545

0.9633

0.9706

0.9767

0.9817

0.9857

0.9890

0.9916

0.9936

0.9952

0.9964

0.9974

0.9981

0.9986

0.9990

0.9993

0.9995

0.9997

0.9998

GI Page

2.2 Page 12

▲back to top

2.3 Page 13

▲back to top

Degrees of

freedom

100

120

150

200

300

400

500

600

TABLE A.2

t Distribution: Critical Values oft

Two-tailed test:

One-tailed test:

10%

6.314

2.5%

12.706

Significance level

0.5%

31.821 63.657

2.920

2.353

2.132

2.015

4.303

3.182

2.776

2.571

6.965

4.541

3.747

3.365

9.925

5.841

4.604

4.032

1.943

2.447

3.143

3.707

1.894

1.860

1.833

1.812

2.365

2.306

2.262

2.228

2.998

2.896

2.821

2.764

3.499

3.355

3.250

3.169

1.796

2.201

2.718

3.106

1.782

1.771

1.761

1.753

2.179

2.160

2.145

2.131

2.681

2.650

2.624

2.602

3.055

3.012

2.977

2.947

1.746

2.120

2.583

2.921

1.740

1.734

1.729

1.725

1.721

2.110

2.101

2.093

2.086

2.080

2.567

2.552

2.539

2.528

2.518

2.898

2.878

2.861

2.845

2.831

1.717

1.714

1.711

1.708

2.074

2.069

2.064

2.060

2.508

2.500

2.492

2.485

2.819

2.807

2.797

2.787

1.706

2.056

2.479

2.779

1.703

1.701

1.699

1.697

2.052

2.048

2.045

2.042

2.473

2.467

2.462

2.457

2.771

2.763

2.756

2.750

1.694

2.037

2.449

2.738

1.691

1.688

1.686

1.684

2.032

2.028

2.024

2.021

2.441

2.434

2.429

2.423

2.728

2.719

2.712

2.704

1.682

2.018

2.418

2.698

1.680

1.679

1.677

1.676

2.015

2.013

2.01 I

2.009

2.414

2.410

2.407

2.403

2.692

2.687

2.682

2.678

1.671

2.000

2.390

2.660

1.667

1.664

1.662

1.660

1.658

1.994

1.990

1.987

1.984

1.980

2.381

2.374

2.368

2.364

2.358

2.648

2.639

2.632

2.626

2.617

1.655

1.653

1.650

1.649

1.976

1.972

1.968

1.966

2.351

2.345

2.339

2.336

2.609

2.601

2.592

2.588

1.648

1.965

2.334

2.586

1.647

1.645

1.964

1.960

2.333

2.326

2.584

2.576

0.2%

0.1%

318.309.

22.327

10.215

7.173

5.893

5.208

4.785

4.501

4.297

4.144

4.025

3.930

3.852

3.787

3.733

3.686

3.646

3.610

3.579

3.552

3.527

3.505

3.485

3.467

3.450

3.435

3.421

3.408

3.396

3.385

3.365

3.348

3.333

3.319

3.307

3.296

3.286

3.277

3.269

3.261

3.232

3.211

3.195

3.183

3.174

3.160

3.145

3.131

3.118

3.111

3.107

3.104

3.090

0.1%

0.05%

636.619

31.599

12.924

8.610

6.869

5.959

5.408

5.041

4.781

4.587

4.437

4.318

4.221

4.140

4.073

4.015

3.965

3.922

3.883

3.850

3.819

3.792

3.768

3.745

3.725

3.707

3.690

3.674

3.659

3.646

3.622

3.601

3.582

3.566

3.551

3.538

3.526

3.515

3.505

3.496

3.460

3.435

3.416

3.402

3.390

3.373

3.357

3.340

3.323

3.315

3.310

3.307

3.291

71Page

2.4 Page 14

▲back to top

2.5 Page 15

▲back to top

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

Atomic #

Symbol

;14 ' 1H.\\t':C08!'roge•r, NVlaom'-eeigh1

3Li

Lll.hlum B~Nlium

.6.94

9.0122 ;

3 N11a

1M2g ,

Sodium

r,'ic>;i"Esium

.., 2.4.305

= . . 6r;::-J Sohd.

Lrqu1d

I}!]Gas

'I I Rf UnknO"'ll "

"'];,, (

Metals

LanO,aru,lds

<ii"~ (Lanthani·des)

i3 ur a;

g: Actii:,oids _

s= .___{j_;" ...,

1(Actinides)

jl c,' :l;f:

.,, g;::;: 00 a

,'!1! • 0 -

I 3s: Nonmetallsj

"- 35 Q[

* i:.a

-·.!~

.,,

• C6

J PrlC".og<:-"Y. Ch:.c<>;~r~

K=>lc<;cn>

4H.0e0li2u'm6..,.,'I

iiI, ' 7N

J. 8O . J" 9F

' 1N0e

Boron

10.81

A13l

-·.::, 12.011-·J

1S~1

Nitt

14.~

. P15

-~"7' ·'£In Ox en

~5.~--':'

. 1S6

18.998-•;

1C7 l

Noon

20.1so~:

.. '1A8r

·Ir

Atumir.:urrn SIiicon

Pho~ru_s Sulfur _,

26.982-· 28.085._.. 30.974,.. 32.06

35.45

lA!g·on ,.

39-:948 • .,-

4 IK

i 12.o

' Ca

P¢1as:s.um calcium

39.Q§)S~ 40.076

s !3R7b J: S38r

J 21

i 22

.; 23

,, 24

., 25

· Sc ' Ti ' V ' Cr ' Mn

Scand.um

44.956.,J

Tilanium

47.867 -•

V50a.n9a4d::i.u: m..J

Chtornum

51.996-•

\\\\~~e

54.938-

1i 3Y'9

·:iIi4Z0r

.i 4N1b J·114M2o 1·i T43c

,; 2"6

· Fe . Co ' Ni

Iron . ..., Cobalt

Nick.el

1 55.E!45-'0 58.93~--i

.·1; 4R4u ,'1; 4R5h

4P6 d

.: 30

Copper

Zinc

63.546-• 65.38

j" 4A7g .-l~4C8d

.'!

Gallium

-1 69.723

.·i: 4In9

, Ge

· 72.630

-; 5S0n

.: 33

' As

•_. 74.922

f·. 5S1b

.i 34 .i 35

' Se .' Br

Selonium,

t ,, 36

IKr

Krypton,~

"I" ..... 78.971 · 79.904-·- 83.79~ "'

i·i T52e. ··=: 5I3

: 5X4e

Ru'b'dium Strontn:m Yttrium_·.' ,._Zlr,c;on::um Niobium t,1:iMx:'cr,;m -:roctrnctbrn Rllthcrium Rhodium Pa'.'.'.adii::n:i Sllvr:n

Cadmium Indium , Tin

Anlimon;: Tellurium Iodine .. Xenon ,.

85.4'6B..;"" 87.62

8B.906.-.'!

6 1cs

: 5B6a

; 57-71

Caesium Barium

.'!188!l 1-32.91,.;~ 137.33

Bi ..

7 Fr

Ra 1 8·9-103

F'·rar,clum Rad'ium

(223) ..,.:C,_f.22...fil.....__

7H2 f

Hafnium

178.49 _I

92.9C06-~ 95:.95 -• (9B) -• ;01.07..-:• 102.9;-~

w T73a 1•; 74

J 7R5e ,! 7O6s .i 7Ir7

TanlaJurn, Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium

180.95-~ 183~-•

1B6.21 -• 190.23

192.22

106.42-• 107.87

5 7P8t

7A9 u

• Platinuf'T! Gold

• 195.08-• 196.97

-• 112.4;

114.82 · 118.71

-,=; 8H0g

T81l

J 8P2b

Mercury Thallium, Lead

_I 200.59.:• 204.3R · 207.2

~·• 121.76 • 127.60-·.· 126.00-·.:: 131.29~c:-

J JI J ·: aB3i ·: 8P4o. '.:; Aa5t

.. Blsmull':!, PoloniullJ As1aline-,

8R6 n

!;3,adon

~" 20a9R.,, (209} ~- (21o;. • '-"'22)

fil.t'ltrl:rd:~ 104

(267)

1105,d~

Dlb.

DutxMum

(261:1)

J 106 .. ! 107 .! 108 .0 109

110 ,: 111 ,; 112 ·£ 11.3 .:_114 A 115 ,! 116 -~ 117 J 118

;

q Sgi

Bh.

Scmiora:tr.J),,Bohrium.

C269)- _,. f.270) -•

Hs, Mt .

Hass,urri. Ml.!'ll=rum

(277) .• (278)

c(D2u8s,1,)-,,:a.::l/1R·Rf.x.r2n•ng8'm2m) .m

Cm.,; ~h

~ftt1Lr1!,

Nrhcnlum

1';285} • (286}

Ts . ;; Og

F(lerovh.:n_:: Plmc0'1l!nl ILlwrma,.m i=cssme O<ia1fosso,,

2B9) ~- {290)

f.293)

(294}

(2W)

For elements willh no stabte isotopes. the mass number of the isotope \\'llith the rongest half-life is in parentheses.

caobm le

57 .l 58

6 I La i Ce

La-lha,,um Cerium

138.91

140.12

7 8A9c . J'll,9T0h-

LJ,Acilnium

Thorium

~27)__

232.04

J 59

,1 60

-; Pr 'i Nd

P.:.s!.'<:•:l;mu~n~mum

140.91

1144.24

J 192 J;]9P1'-a i U

I Pr:,ladnlumllUranlum

, •2<!1.04

238.03

.! 61

l 62

t 63

.! 64

,t 65

.! 66

.l 67

,1 68

.1 69

J 70

.i 71

: Pm , Sm 'l Eu "1 Gd 1 Tb 1 Dy 'i Ho ! Er i Tm ·, Yb j Lu i

J JI ·11j~l Pn:tm/lj_rn Sama,ium Europ11.T.11 C-.ao:iinr.rn Terbium

(145)

150.36

15;_95

157.25

1158.93

'r 19N3p

!Jlll9P4u

'J!_1A95m

'l 9C6m

;\\

Dy:sprt,1;11mHolmium Erblum

162.50

164.93

167.26

.a 9C8f

Es 1 1F0m0

Thulium

168.93

1j11M10d1

Ytterbium

173.05

J 1N10o2 l

Lutetium

174.97

1L0r3 -,.~1

t-.½:~-un:umI PJutonlu_m A,,rc-:,IC~JmlCurium

, (237)

, -:.Z44)_ , <~3)_

f.247t

(257L ~BL Borkc:lurn Ca!ilo-rJum IEhslcinj-,.rn Fermium I Mm:lo!C'1un Ncbellum La'M'DOCP.m'

l'.247L

(25_!)

(252,t

(259}_

,;266)

CXrst.;o •~r,,1'j,Qh_( ::!017 M•C.h;,(tf

~r11.:.n;i.o~'"v~ll-~on)) For;. rus.,~.,u,·...:::;-..ll:..c,~iott'MlT, Ofb.".'."ak. iua>:p.c,:;., c,r..,.,-1pc-ur.c~Dr~ notr pti'llot.n- ,.,;s..1rno.fl".vN"eY.frU.b!,Q,-.,ton'I

_______________

THE END______________

Bl Page

2.6 Page 16

▲back to top