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MMB621S - MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2B - 1ST OPP - NOVEMBER 2023 |
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nAmlBIA UnlVERSITY
OF SCIEnCE AnDTECHnOLOGY
Faculty of Health, Natural
Resources and Applied
Sciences
School of Health Sciences
Department of Clinical
Health Sciences
13Jackson Kaujeua Street
Private Bag 13388
Windhoek
NAMIBIA
T: +264 61 207 2970
F: +264 61 207 9970
E: dchs@nust.na
W: www.nust.na
QUALIFICATION : BACHELOR of MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BMLS
COURSE:MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2B
DATE: NOVEMBER 2023
DURATION: 3 HOURS
LEVEL:7
COURSECODE: MMB621S
SESSION: 1
MARKS: 100
FIRST OPPORTUNITY: EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER:
MODERATOR:
MRS FREDRIKAENGELBRECHT
MRS CARA-MIA DUNAISKI
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer all questions on the separate answer sheet.
2. Please write neatly and legibly.
3. Do not use the left side margin of the exam paper. This must be allowed for the
examiner.
4. No books, notes and other additional aids are allowed.
5. Mark all answers clearly with their respective question numbers.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS:
1. Non-Programmable Calculator
ATTACHEMENTS
1. NONE
This paper consists of 7 pages including this front page
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1SECTIONA: MULTIPLE CHO,-l~C-E_A_N-0-T~R-U-E"?-:/,-F-A_LS_E-~-~-..,,.....,_,.. (35 MARKS]
QUESTION 1: MULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS
[20MARKS]
Evaluate the statements in each numbered section and select the most appropriate answer
or phrase from the given possibilities. Fill in the appropriate letter next to the number of the
correct statement/phrase on your ANSWERBOOK.
(20]
1.1 The PorB/Protein I of Neisseria species:
A) is the major porin protein which assists the organism to penetrate
the columnar epithelial cells of the host in order to cause an infection.
B) blocks the antibodies that have been produced against the Neisseria.
C) is the protein which inhibits the phagocytes of the organism by host
cells species.
D) is the protein that is present in the outer membrane of the Neisseria
and promotes adherence of the gonococcus to the host cells.
(1)
1.2 Sources of error that needs to be consider for the Citrate utilisation test
includes:
A) a light inoculum.
B) an excess of oxygen.
C) the incubation time of the test.
D) a heavy inoculum.
(1)
1.3 Tetracycline antibiotics act on organisms through:
A) Inhibiting DNA synthesis.
B) Inhibiting of protein synthesis.
C) Inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
D) Inactivating enzymes.
(1)
1.4 Virulence factors found in 5. pneumoniae that damages host cells are:
A) the pneumolysins.
B) the polysaccharide capsules.
C) neuramidases.
D) autolysins.
(1)
1.5 Abacterial pyuria can be defined as:
A) urine containing no bacteria and no pus cells.
B) urine containing excess pus cells and numerous bacteria.
C) urine containing numerous bacteria with no pus cells.
D) urine containing excess pus cells and a sterile culture.
(1)
Medical Microbiology 2B (MMB621S) 1st Opportunity Examination Paper November 2023
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1.6 A short course {48hrs) of Glycopeptide antibiotic would be used to treat a:
A) 5. aureus infection acquired from an intravenous catheter.
B) Coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection acquired from
an intravenous catheter.
C) Corynebacterial infection acquired from an intravenous
catheter.
D) A patient diagnosed with primary syphilis.
(1)
1.7 The most common organism responsible for gas gangrene is known to be:
A)
an anaerobic spore forming gram positive bacilli.
B) an aerobic spore forming gram positive bacilli.
C) an anaerobic gram negative bacilli.
D)
an aerobic gram negative bacilli.
(1)
1.8 Leptospira can be classified as:
A) A strict anaerobe.
B) A commensal of the human intestine.
C) A strict aerobe.
D) As a fastidious organism.
(1)
1.9 The lag between the onset of infection and production of antibodies can be
define as:
A) the time when a person is already infected but antibodies are not
yet produced.
B) the time when a person is not yet infected with and organism.
C) the time when a person's immune system is not able to cope with
an infection.
D) the time when a person's body do not recognise the infection as
foreign.
(1)
1.10 Identify the organism that is motile at 22°C and not motile at 37°C.
A) Clostridium perfringens.
B) Salmonella paratyphi.
· C) Yersinia enterocolitica.
D) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
(1)
1.11 Bacitracin sensitivity assists in the positive identification of:
A) 5. pyogenes.
B) 5. pneumoniae.
C) 5. agalactiae.
D) 5. bovis.
(1)
1.12 Brucella is an organism known to:
A) often be transferred from person to person.
B) be a zoonotic infection.
C) only cause infections amongst animals.
D) not being pathogenic to humans.
(1)
Medical Microbiology 2B (MMB621S) pt opportunity Examination Paper November 2023
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1.13 Identify the drugs belonging to the 2nd generation cephalosporins from the list below:
A) Cefamandole & cefaclor.
B) Amikacin, & streptomycin.
C) Cephalothin & cefazolin.
D) Ceftriaxone & cefotaxime.
(1)
1.14 The hanging drop test is specifically used in the identification of:
A) Listeria monocytogenes.
B) Corynebacteria diphtheria.
C) Actinomyces israelii.
D) Nocardia spp.
(1)
1.15 Organism motility is closely associated with:
A) the O antigens.
B) the H antigens.
C) the K antigens.
D) the Vi antigens.
(1)
1.16 A positive test for clindamycin inducibility indicates that:
A) that clindamycin can be reported as sensitive.
B) that both clindamycin and erythromycin is sensitive.
C) that both clindymycin and erythromycin should be reported as resistant.
D) that erythromycin can be reported as sensitive.
(1)
1.17 Rickettsia rickettsii is the causative organisms of:
A) Rocky Moutain spotted fever.
B) Murine typhus.
C) Boutonneuse fever.
D) Epidemic typhus.
(1)
1.18 The toxin produced by C. diphtheria:
A) penetrate into the deeper tissues of the host, causing tissue damage.
B) may spread through the blood stream to other parts of the body.
C) results in only a localised infection.
D) cause cellulitis at the area of introduction.
(1)
1.19 N. asteroides and A. israelii can be differentiated by means of the following stain:
A) Gram stain.
B) Capsular stain.
C) Albert stain.
D) Ziehl-Neelson stain.
(1)
1.20 Conditions predisposing patients to nosocomial infections include:
A) antibiotic treatment.
B) invasive devices.
C) environmental settings.
D) all of the above.
(1)
Medical Microbiology 2B (MMB621S) is 1 Opportunity Examination Paper
November 2023
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QUESTION 2: TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
[15 MARKS]
Evaluate the statements and select whether the statement is true or false. Write the word
'True' or 'False' next to the corresponding number on your ANSWERBOOKand give a reason
for calling any statement FALSE.
(15)
2.1 Transient bacteraemia in a patient will present with multiple positive blood
cultures obtained over several hours.
2.2 Streptokinases A & B lyses blood clots and facilitate the spread of bacteria in
tissues.
2.3 Klebsielfa pneumoniae form mucoid non-lactose fermenting colonies on the
MacConkey agar.
2.4 Bubonic plaque is associated with Clostridium.
2.5 Metronidazole is not effective in treating the majority of anaerobic organisms that
are pathogenic to humans.
2.6 OrthoNitroPhenyl-~-D-Galactopyranoside test detects ~-galactosidase.
2.7 Human infections with Bruce/la melitensis are associated with cattle.
2.8 The anthrax toxin causes an increase in vascular permeability resulting in shock.
2.9 Gram negative, oxidase positive diplococci, are diagnostic for Neisseria gonorrhoea
infections in female patients.
[SECTION13S:HORT/LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Pleaseanswer ALLof the questions in this section.
(65 MARKS]?
QUESTION 3:
[15 MARKS]
3.1 Categorise the following drugs by means of its mechanism of action.
A) Gentamycin
(1)
B) Metronidazole
(1)
C) Vancomycin
(1)
D) Ciprofloxacin
(1)
3.2 Match the following organisms with its associated disease. Write only the number
and the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.
(4)
3.2.1
3.2.2
E.coli
3.2.3
3.2.4
Enterotoxigenic E.coli
Vero cytotoxin-producing
Enteroinvasive E.coli
Enterpathogenic E.coli
A) Bloody diarhoea in all ages.
B) Dysentery-like disease in all ages.
C) Diarhoea in infants, rarely in adults.
D) Infant and adult watery diarhoea.
Medical Microbiology 28 (MMB621S) iscopportunity ExaminationPaper November 2023 5
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3.3 In a table form, indicate how you will distinguish between Bacillus anthracis,
B. cereus and B. subtilis using the following criteria:
A) Capsule,
B) Motility,
C) Catalase,
D) Lecithinase production.
(1/2 x 12 = 6)
QUESTION 4
(9]
4.1 Illustrate what a positive satellitism test would look like, using a labelled illustration
AND explain the principle of the test.
QUESTION 5
(10]
Summarise the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of primary and secondary
syphilis.
QUESTION 6
(16]
A 7-year-old female, accompanied by her mother, who presents to the community
clinic with complaints of sore throat and fever, looking for medications to take to
relieve her symptoms. She describes the pain when she swallows as feeling if her
throat is "on fire." Her symptoms started the previous morning. She was referred to
the local clinic, and the doctor collected a throat swab. From the swab culture and
slides, the following results was obtained:
Image 1: Gram stain result
from the throat swab:
Image 2: The culture from the swab
on a blood agar after incubation.
I
I
\\
\\
Image 3: Catalase test result:
Image 4: Bacitracin disc test:
6.1) Discuss how you would process the throat swab that was received from
the patient in the case study, and justify your answer.
(6)
Medical Microbiology 28 (MMB621S) 1st Opportunity Examination Paper November 2023
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6.2) Name the expected pathogen responsible for the patients' condition? (2)
6.3) Illustrate, by means of a flow chart, how you would identify this organism. (8)
QUBTION7
A 4-year-old Caucasian boy presented with a one-week history of general malaise,
mild fever, indolence, and anorexia. He subsequently developed dysphagia,
sialorrhoea, difficulties opening the mouth and eventually dehydration. Due to
parental concerns about the boy's refusal of fluids, a paediatrician was consulted. At
that time of presentation, he showed signs of trismus and muscle rigidity. Together
with the lack of immunization and a toenail infection, the doctor suspected
generalised tetanus.
7.1) Identify the causative pathogen of generalised tetanus.
(2)
7.2) Illustrate by means of a drawing the gram stain morphology and gram
reaction you expect for this organism.
(2)
QUESTION 8
[5]
Your supervisor asks you to verify the use of a newly registered antibiotics in your
microbiology laboratory. You've just received the box of this new antibiotic in the
laboratory. Explain how you will validate and ensure that accurate results will be
send to the doctor with regards to this specific antibiotic.
(5)
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END OF QUESTION PAPER
Medical Microbiology 2B (MMB621S) 1st Opportunity Examination Paper November 2023
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