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RDT620S - RURAL DEVELOPMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES - 2ND OPP - JAN 2020 |
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NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SPATIAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND SPATIAL PLANNING
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF REGIONAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
BACHELOR OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
QUALIFICATION Code: 07BRAR & O7BTAR LEVEL: 6
COURSE CODE: RDT620S
COURSE NAME: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
DATE: JANUARY 2020
PAPER: THEORY
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100
SECOND OPPORTUNITY/ SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION MEMORANDUM
EXAMINER(S)
Mr. LaudikaJ Kandjinga
MODERATOR
Ms. Jennilee Kohima
NOTES
Please use the memorandum or sample solution to guide your marking.
The information presented by the students will be evaluated on merit.
When marking questions should be guided by the allocation of marks.
Reasonable, in-depth or innovative correct solutions provided by the students should
be allocated marks even though not provided in this memorandum.
THIS MEMORANDUM CONSISTS OF 5 PAGES (Including this front page)
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Rural Development Tools and Techniques
RDT620S
Question 1
(a) Discuss the Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) origins.
(18)
1. Biases recognised as: V
* Spatialv (visit the nearest cities, on roadsides, neglect of periphery) v
* Projectv (where projects were being undertaken, often with special official
attention and support) Vv
* Personv (meeting men more than women, elites than poor rural people) V
* Seasonalv (going in dry & cool rather than hot and wet season —which often
worse for poor rural people)v
* Diplomaticv (outsiders avoid to offend by asking to meet poor and see bad
conditions). V
2. Disillusionment with the normal process of questionnaire surveys and their results. V
* Questionnaire surveys v - long-drawn-out, tedious, a headache to administer, a
nightmare to process and write up, inaccurate & unreliable in data obtained,
leading to reports, if any which were long, boring, late, misleading, difficult to
use. VV
3. Most-cost effective methods of learning were sought. V
* Growing recognition of development professional to painfully recognise - rural
people were themselves knowledgeable on many subjects touched their lives. V
Vv
* Thus, Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK), was then increasingly seen to have
richness & value for practical purposes. V
(b) Demonstrate four ways how bias can enter a study.
(8)
* Researcher biasv: Each person on the RRA will absorb information differently
depending on his/her prior experience and perspectivev
* Informant biasv: by his/her experience, gender, spatial, wealth, education &
expectationv
* Tool and Technique biasv: Group vs. individual interview v
* Study design and implementation bias v (E.g. timing -seasonal bias) v
[27]
Question 2
(a) Outline at least nine Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) assumptions.
(9)
* Rural communities form an active foundation for rural developmentv
* Communities need committed local leaders to stir up their developmentv
* Communities have knowledge and information, but it needs to be organizedv
* Communities have resources but they need to be mobilizedv
* Community organizations are underutilizing resources available for development
effortsv
* It helps communities to — mobilize human and natural resources, define problemsv
Second Opportunity/ Supplementary Memorandum
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January 2020
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Rural Development Tools and Techniques
RDT620S
Consider priories and opportunitiesv
Consider previous successes and failuresv
External units provide substantial technical, financial or managerial assistance critical
for rural communities V
(b) When conducting a PRA, there are several principles to consider. List at least seven of
these principles.
(7)
Any seven points:
Respecting people’s knowledge and learn from them Vv
Listening to the disadvantaged: Respectv
Optimal ignorance: Do not collect data which you do not needv
Flexibility: PRA does not stick to a fixed plan of actionv
Visualization: All data collected from the people are visualized by themv
Triangulationv
It involves a team of people working with a community for several days.
The analysis is done in the fieldv
Purposive rather than fixed samplingv
How do you understand the ‘handing over the stick’ concept in PRA?
¢ The people analyze their own situationv
e Plan actions and implementv
¢ People are creative and capable, and can and should do much of their own
investigation, analysis and planningv
Outsiders have roles as conveners, catalysts and facilitators (watch, listen, learn and
support) V
[20]
Question 3
Village Resource Mapping can be used for several activities. One such activity is the planning
of a large-scale project/ development plans. With the knowledge and skills in PRA at your
disposal, you have been appointed to facilitate this exercise and answer the following
questions:
(a) Asa facilitator, what types of behaviours should you portray (behaviours of a good
facilitator)?
(5)
Enthusiasticv
Respect ideas raised by householdsv
Encourage women and the poor to voice their ideasv
Manage time effectivelyV
Create a warm atmospherev
(b) During this exercise facilitation, you are obliged not to use specific items (things).
Identify any four that you should avoid as a facilitator.
(4)
° Prejudicing or possessing a negative attitude towards peoplev
e Using complex terms with householdsv
* Projecting one’s own ideas all the timev
Second Opportunity/ Supplementary Memorandum
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January 2020
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Rural Development Tools and Techniques
RDT620S
Interviewers are comfortable with the questionnairev
The interviewee understands the questionsV
Answers provide the information required for fulling in the analysis table v
The interview does not take more than 2 hoursv
Interviewers successfully adhere to the established protocol V
After analysing the results of the pretest, the questionnaire & protocol should be
modified, if necessary, before proceeding with the priority stakeholder
interviews.v
[19]
Briefly elaborate the sampling issues to consider when selecting a survey.
(8)
What data is available? v Information about the sample? Current addresses? phone
numbers? V
Can respondents be found? v Some people are very busy. Some travel a lot. Some
work the night shift. V
Who is the respondent? v "head of household“, any member of the household,
director or subordinatev
Are response rates likely to be a problem? V Some members simply refuse to
respond, can't find the time, misplace the instrument, forget about the
appointmentv
Question6
Elaborate on the concept of Knowledge Cafe/ World Café as a way of conducting a
workshop.
e Brainstorms main issuesV
Groups and graphic discussionsV
Groups leave and 1 stay behindv
The one that remained behind introduces the discussion (to the new members/group)
and the entire group expands the previous discussion. V
Further round — more in-depth discussion on core issues and solutionsv
Consolidation and concludev
TOTAL MARKS: 100
THE END
Second Opportunity/ Supplementary Memorandum
Page 5 of 5
January 2020
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NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SPATIAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND SPATIAL PLANNING
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF REGIONAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
BACHELOR OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
QUALIFICATION Code: 07BRAR & O07BTAR LEVEL: 6
COURSE CODE: RDT620S
COURSE NAME: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
DATE: JANUARY 2020
PAPER: THEORY
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100
SECOND OPPORTUNITY/ SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S)
Mr. LaudikaJ Kandjinga
MODERATOR
Ms. Jennilee Kohima
INSTRUCTIONS
Read the entire question paper before answering the questions.
Read each question carefully and address all parts of the questions
Answer ALL the questions.
Answers may be written in any order but must be legibly numbered
Please write clearly and legibly.
Make sure your Student Number is on the EXAMINATION BOOK(s).
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 3 PAGES (Including this front page)
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Rural Development Tools and Techniques
Question 1
(a) Discuss the Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) origins.
(b) Demonstrate four ways how bias can enter a study.
“a
RDT620S
(18)
(8)
[26]
Question 2
(a) Outline at least nine Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) assumptions.
(9)
(b) When conducting a PRA, there are several principles to consider. List at least seven of
these principles.
(7)
(c) How do you understand the ‘handing over the stick’ concept in PRA?
(4)
[20]
Question 3
Village Resource Mapping can be used for several activities. One such activity is the planning
“ of a large-scale project/ development plans. With the knowledge and skills in PRA at your
disposal, you have been appointed to facilitate this exercise and answer the following
questions:
(a) As a facilitator, what types of behaviours should you portray (behaviours of a good
facilitator)?
(5)
(b) During this exercise facilitation, you are obliged not to use specific items (things).
Identify any four that you should avoid as a facilitator.
(4)
(c) Explain the steps you would undertake to carry out this exercise.
(12)
[21]
Question4
(a) Describe the protocol to be followed as part of the third stage of quantitative
stakeholder analysis.
(12)
(b) Before the interviews, as part of the quantitative stakeholder analysis, it is essential
that the working group conduct a pretest of the questionnaire. Do you agree with
this statement? Motivate your answer.
(7)
[19]
Second Opportunity/ Supplementary Question Paper
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January 2020
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Rural Development Tools and Techniques
Question 5
Briefly elaborate the sampling issues to consider when selecting a survey.
RDT620S
(8)
[8]
Question 6
Elaborate on the concept of Knowledge Cafe/ World Café as a way of conducting a
workshop.
(6)
[6]
TOTAL MARKS: 100
THE END
Second Opportunity/ Supplementary Question Paper
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January 2020
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p
NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SPATIAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND SPATIAL PLANNING
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF REGIONAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
BACHELOR OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
QUALIFICATION Code: 07BRAR & O7BTAR| LEVEL: 6
COURSE CODE: RDT620S
| COURSE NAME: RURAL DEVELOPMENT _
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
DATE: JANUARY 2020
DURATION: 3 HOURS
PAPER: THEORY
| MARKS: 100
SECOND OPPO RTUNITY/SUPPLM ENTARY EXAMINATION MEMORANDUM
| EXAMINER(S) | Mr. LaudikaJ Kandjinga
MODERATOR
Ms. Jennilee Kohima
NOTES
Please use the memorandum or sample solution to guide your marking.
. The information presented by the students will be evaluated on merit.
When marking questions should be guided by the allocation of marks.
Reasonable, in-depth or innovative correct solutions provided by the students should
be allocated marks even though not provided in this memorandum.
THIS MEMORANDUM CONSISTS OF 5 PAGES (Including this front page)
|
|
9 Page 9 |
▲back to top |
Rural Development Tools and Techniques
Question 1
(a) Discuss the Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) origins.
(b) Demonstrate four ways how bias can enter a study.
RDT620S
(18)
(8)
[26]
Question 2
(a) Outline at least nine Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) assumptions.
(9)
(b) When conducting a PRA, there are several principles to consider. List at least seven of
these principles.
(7)
(c) How do you understand the ‘handing over the stick’ concept in PRA?
(4)
[20]
Question 3
Village Resource Mapping can be used for several activities. One such activity is the planning
of a large-scale project/ development plans. With the knowledge and skills in PRA at your
disposal, you have been appointed to facilitate this exercise and answer the following
questions:
(a) Asa facilitator, what types of behaviours should you portray (behaviours of a good
facilitator)?
(5)
(b) During this exercise facilitation, you are obliged not to use specific items (things).
Identify any four that you should avoid as a facilitator.
(4)
(c) Explain the steps you would undertake to carry out this exercise.
(12)
[21]
Question 4
(a) Describe the protocol to be followed as part of the third stage of quantitative
stakeholder analysis.
(12)
(b) Before the interviews, as part of the quantitative stakeholder analysis, it is essential
that the working group conduct a pretest of the questionnaire. Do you agree with
this statement? Motivate your answer.
(7)
[19]
Second Opportunity/ Supplementary Question Paper
Page 2 of 3
January 2020
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January 2020
RDT620S
Rural Development Tools & Techniques
Included:
Moderator’s report
Supplementary / Second Opportunity question paper
Supplementary / Second Opportunity Memorandum