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EPD612S-EPIDEMIOLOGY 2B- JAN 2020 |
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NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, BACHELOR OF HUMAN
NUTRITION & BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGENMENT
QUALIFICATION CODE: VARIOUS
LEVEL: 6
COURSE: EPIDEMIOLOGY 2B
COURSE CODE: EPD 612S
DATE: JANUARY 2020
DURATION: 3 HOURS
PAPER: THEORY
MARKS: 100
SUPPLEMENTARY/ SECOND OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER (S): | MR ERWIN NAKAFINGO
MODERATOR:
MS ROSWITHA MAHALIE
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly.
3. Number the answers clearly.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS
THIS PAPER CONSISTS OF 6 PAGES (INCLUDING THIS FRONT PAGE)
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SECTION A (35)
QUESTION 1
(15 MARKS)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options provided. (Each correct answer earns
1 mark)
1.1 The majority of Tuberculosis is transmitted by:
Respiratory droplets.
Direct skin to skin contact.
Blood transmission.
Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes.
1.2 The VDRL, RPR or Wasserman tests are used to detect the presence of organisms
causing:
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Candidiasis
D. Malaria
13
A physician working in an emergency room, has just examined a person with watery
diarrhoea. The physician suspects the man might have Cholera. The following actions
must be taken except:
Admitting the patient in the general ward of the local hospital
Commence rehydration of the patient
Isolation of the patient
D. Notification of WHO
1.4 The most common cause of diarrhoea globally is:
A E. Coli.
B Rotavirus.
C. Bacterial Cholerae
D. Protozoa
E
1.5 A nosocomial infection comes from:
Insects
Medical facilities
Rodents
Tropical regions
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1.6 As an epidemic spreads in a closed population, the number of susceptible will:
A. Increase
B. Stabilize
C. Decrease
D. None of the above
1.7 An American couple aged 32 and 25, and their 18 months old son are travelling to
Namibia for a holiday. They are enquiring on the precautionary measures to take regarding
Meningococcal meningitis. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. Meningococcal meningitis is endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa.
B. Effective meningococcal vaccine that is fully protective against several serotypes which
includes polyvalent for A, C, Y does not exist yet.
C. The vaccine is not recommended in the 18 months old boy.
D. Vaccination against meningococcal meningitis disease is required for persons travelling
to Namibia.
1.8 The following communicable conditions can be responsible for non-communicable
diseases in the long-term except:
A. Schistosomiasis
B. Hepatitis A
C. Genital warts
D. HIV
1.9 A number of complications are associated with influenza. Which of the following is
NOT one of these complications.
A. Pneumonitis.
B. Myocarditis.
C. Encephalitis.
D. Death.
1.10 Which of the following causative agent is responsible for Bilharzia?
Schistosoma Haematobium
Snails
Bilharzia Virus
Plasmodium( Singular plasmodia)
1.11 Which of the following is a commonly causes of highly communicable dermatophyte
infection of the feet?
Taenia capitis
Taenia corporis
Taenia pedis
All of the above
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1.12 The incubation period for food poisoning due to Staphylococcus aureus is?
2-10 days
2-4 days
1-7 days
2-4 hours
1.13
is both an infectious and a communicable disease.
Yellow fever
Tetanus
Hepatitis B
Ebola
1.14
is the causative agent of chickenpox.
Waricella Zoster 039
Virus zoster
Varicella zoster
Chickenzoster
1.15 The most effective way to break the chain of infection is by;
A. Wearing gloves properly
B. Practising good hand hygiene
C. Placing infected patients in isolation
D. Hiring and epidemiologist.
QUESTION 2
2.1
Define the following terms:
(20 MARKS)
2.1.1 Reservoir:
(2)
2.1.2 Infection
(2)
2.1.2 Zoonosis:
(2)
2.1.3 Infectious agent
(2)
2.1.5 Quarantine
(2)
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2.2 Match the following causative agents with their respective communicable
diseases table below. (Each correct answer earns 1 mark).
(10)
Causative agent
2.2.1. | H1N1
2.2.2. | Sarcoptis scabie
2.2.3. | Ancylostoma duodenale
2.2.4. | Plasmodium Falciparum
2.2.5. | HIV
2.2.6 | Neisseria meningitides,
2.2.7. | Togavirus
2.2.8 | Influenza
2.2.9 | Yersinia pestis
2.2.10 | B. anthracis,
Communicable Disease
A. Malaria
B. Anthrax
Cc. AIDS
D. Meningococcal Meningitis
E. Lyme disease
F. Brucellosis
G. Influenza
H. Plague
Il. Scabies
J. Hookworm infestation
K. Swine flu
L. Measles
SECTION B (43)
QUESTION 3
(18 MARKS)
3.1 Mr Ngwenya is 43 years old. He has symptoms of TB disease and a cavity on his chest
X-ray, but all of his sputum smears are negative for acid-fast bacilli. He lives with his
wife, daughter and, three (3) grandchildren aged 18 months, 3 years and 5 years, ina
small house in an informal settlement.
3.1.1 Recall the causative agent of tuberculosis and briefly explain mode of
transmission of the disease.
(2)
3.1.2 Outline the most common signs and symptoms of tuberculosis
(6)
3.1.3. What actions would you propose for Mr Ngwenya’s family home?
(3)
3.1.3 Describe measures necessary to ensure that Mr Ngwenya doses not
develop Multi-drug resistant TB
(7)
QUESTION 4
(25 MARKS)
4.1 Ririn, a 16 year old high school girl, received a letter from the blood transfusion
donation unit informing her that she has Hepatitis. This came as a shock to her because
she was a health teenager. She was once hospitalised after a car accident, where she
had a blood transfusion after losing a lot of blood. She never had sexual relationship;
her relationships only go as far as kissing. To confirm the diagnosis, Ririn’s mother,
who is a nurse, consulted their family doctor. After some blood tests, the doctor
confirmed the diagnosis as Hepatitis B. The doctor informed Ririn, that she will have
this virus for the rest of her life. Ririn was very upset because she didn’t understand
how she got the Hepatitis B virus. As a family, they were planning to travel to Brazil.
She is concerned that she may not be allowed to travel now.
,
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4.1.1 Justify why the family doctor had to conduct further investigation
before confirming the diagnosis.
(2)
4.1.2 The doctor told Ririn that she virus will be in her body for the rest of her
life. Does this mean she is immune against Hepatitis B?
(2)
4.1.3. Outline the possible ways that the Hepatitis B may have been transmitted
to Ririn.
(6)
4.1.4 Propose preventive measures that are important in this case.
(3)
4.2 Rabies is an infectious viral disease that is almost always fatal following the onset of
clinical symptoms. The disease is present on all continents, with over 95% of human
deaths occurring in the Asia and Africa regions. Rabies is one of the neglected tropical
diseases that predominantly affects poor and vulnerable populations who live in
remote rural locations.
4.2.1 Recall the causative agent of this disease.
(1)
4.2.2 Outline any six clinical manifestations of rabies.
(6)
4.2.3. Discuss the prevention and control measures of rabies in the general
community.
(5)
SECTION C (22)
QUESTION 5
(22 MARKS)
5.3 During your usual home visits, a farmer told you that he has anaemia. He initially had
a brief respiratory illness, and much later he started manifesting signs of anaemia and
slight abdominal symptoms. During his recent doctor’s consultation, stool specimen
were collected for examination. Upon further enquiry, you found out that the farmer
never got de-wormed when he was a child. He usually works in the fields without
shoes.
5.3.1 What is the most likely disorder that could have caused this farmer’s
condition?
(2)
5.3.2. Name the host of these infections.
(1)
5.3.3. Explain how this disease is transmitted and Illustrate the life cycle of
infection/organism.
(6)
5.3.4 Discuss how you would prevent the occurrence of this disorder among the
farmers and general community.
(3)
5.4 Elaborate on the epidemiology of EITHER Cholera OR Rubella.
(10)
GOOD LUCK!!