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IMH621S - IMMUNOHAEMATOLOGY - 1ST OPP - NOVEMBER 2024 |
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nAmlBIA UnlVERSITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnDLOGY
FACULTYOF HEALTH,APPLIEDSCIENCESAND NATURAL RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT OF CLINICALHEALTHSCIENCES
QUALIFICATION : BACHELOROF MEDICAL LABORATORYSCIENCES
QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BMLS
LEVEL: 6
COURSECODE: IMH621S
COURSENAME: IMMUNOHAEMATOLOGY
SESSION: NOVEMBER 2024
PAPER:
THEORY
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS:
100
EXAMINER{S)
MODERATOR:
FIRSTOPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION PAPER
Ms AUNE SEKETA-ILLARIUS
Ms EDWIG SHINGENGE
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly.
3. Number the answers clearly.
4. Non-programmable calculators allowed.
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 5 PAGES(Including this front page)
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SECTION A: SHORT QUESTIONS
.
.
[ 30 MARKSl
QUESTION 1
[10)
Evaluate the statements in each numbered section and select the most appropriate answer or phrase from the given
possibilities. Write the appropriate letter next to the number of the statement/phrase.
1.1 Identify the immunoglobulin class capable of crossing the placenta:
(1)
(A) lgE
(B) lgA
(C) lgG
(D) lgM
1.2 Which of the following events occur during storage of red blood cells:
(1)
(A) 2,3 DPG increase
(B) ATP increased
(C) Potassium increases
(D) pH Increases
1.3 How long can one retain a sample for compatibility testing?
(A) 1 day
(1)
(B) 42 days
(C) 7 days
(D) 3 days
1.4 How would you grade an agglutination reaction if you observe several large agglutinates with a clear
(1)
background?
(A)l+
(8)2+
(C)3+
(0)4+
1.5 What term describes the inheritance of 2 of the same alleles from each parent?
(1)
(A) Homozygous
(B) Heterozygous
(C) Amorph
(D) Synthetics
1.6 Which of the following is not necessary when testing an infant sample?
(1)
(A) ABO grouping
(B) RH grouping
(C)DAT
(D)Antibody Screen
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1. 7 Which of the following antigens is poorly developed on cord blood?
(A) K
(B) M
(C) Leb
(D) D
1.8 What is the chemical composition of an antibody?
(A) Glycoprotein
(B)Protein
(C) Carbohydrate
(D) Lipid
1.9 Which lectin agglutinates A1red cells?
(A) Ulex europaes
(B) Dolichos biflorus
(C) Dolichos europaes
(D) Ulex biflorus
1.10 When should an accident or injury be reported in the lab?
(A) If the injury may result in fatality
(B) If the injury involves possible infections with HIV or HBV
(C) if the accident involves non-employees or jeopardizes a patient
(D) At the time the accident or injury occurs
QUESTION 2
Answer the following statements True or false. Provide reason for your answer.
2.1 The k antigen is a high frequency antigen.
2.2 Haemolysis as a result of antigen antibody reactions is considered a positive result.
2.3 Mature red cells are nucleated biconcave disks.
2.4 Non maleficence means to always act in the best interest of the patient.
2.5 Jk(a-b-) shows resistance to the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
[10]
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
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QUESTION 3
[10)
Briefly define the following terms, where possible give examples.
(2)
3.1 Heparin
3.2 Apheresis
(2)
3.3 Window period
(2)
3.4 Cryoprecipitate
(2)
3.5 Autologous donation
(2)
SECTION B: LONG QUESTIONS
[ 30 MARKS]
QUESTION 4
[30)
4.1. Describe safety precautions that can be taken to prevent laboratory acquired infections.
(5)
4.2. Define and explain Landsteiner's rule using Group Bas the example.
(4)
4.3. Identify any four Transfusion Transmissible Infections tested for by the Blood Transfusion Service of Namibia. (4)
4.4. Write notes on Nucleic Amplification Testing in relation to Blood transfusion.
(8)
4.5. Quality is an essential part of any organization. Discussthe following quality practices in a blood service.
4.5.1 Quality Audits and accreditation
(3)
4.5.2 Corrective and Preventative action
(4)
(2)
4.5.3 Proficiency Testing
SECTION C: APPLICATION BASED
QUESTION 5
[ 40 MARKS]
[12)
Complete the table below relating to the following Blood Products (duplicate table into answer sheet).
(12)
Blood Product
Storage
Indications
Shelf Life
Temperature
5.1 Whole Blood
5.2 Fresh frozen Plasma
5.3 Apheresis platelet
5.4 Cryoprecipitate
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[8)
QUESTION 6
You receive a routine antenatal sample from a lady in her second trimester of pregnancy. Evaluate the results
below and answer the following questions.
Anti A
0
Anti B
4
Anti A,B
4
Anti D
4
Al cells
4
A2 Cells
4
B Cells
0
Screen Cells 1
20°c
I 37°C
0
13
I AHG
14
Screen Cells 2
20°c
I 37°C
0
lo
I AHG
lo
{2)
6.1 Interpret the blood group of the sample.
{2)
6.2 Comment on the antibody screens.
6.3 The patient was found to have an unexpected Anti K-with a titre of 256. What processes need to be followed
(4)
during the remainder of the pregnancy and state what further tests need to be done.
[10)
QUESTION 7
A 16-year-old grade 10 boy is excited to donate blood for the first time at school. At the first station, his weight is
taken and recorded as 54.3kg. Next her haemoglobin gets measured at 12.7g/dl. He proceeds to complete the
questionnaire.
(4)
7.1. Does he qualify to donate blood? Substantiate your answer.
{5)
7.2. Mention five criteria used for the protection of the recipient.
{1)
7.3 Identify the part of the human body from which blood for transfusion is drawn.
QUESTION 8
[10)
Mr Johnson a 59-year-old regular donor suffering from a condition where the ulcers in his colon have turned septic
due to an infection and requires an operation. His doctor said that he will need a transfusion since his
haemoglobin levels are currently at 11.5g/dl. Mr Johnson decides that he will donate for himself
(1)
8.1. What is the type of donation that Mr Johnson opted for classified as?
(3)
8.2 Will his donation be accepted to donate? Give reasons for you answer
8.3 What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of this donation? Give 3 examples of each
(6)
THE END [100 MARKS TOTAL]
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