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IWW821S - INTEGRATED WATER AND WETLAND MANAGEMENT - 1st Opp - JUNE 2022 |
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n Am I BI A u n IVER s ITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLOGY
FACULTYOF HEALTH,APPLIEDSCIENCEAND NATURALRESOURCES
DEPARTMENTAGRICULTUREAND NATURALRESOURCESSCIENCES
QUALIFICATION: Bachelor Of Natural Resource Management Honours
QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BNRMH
COURSECODE: IWWW821S
DATE:JUNE 2022
DURATION: 3 HOURS
LEVEL: 8
COURSE:Integrated Water and Wetland
Management
SESSION:June
MARKS: 120
EXAMINER(S):
MODERATOR:
FIRSTOPPORTUNITYEXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
Ms. S. Bethune
Ms. N. Nashipili
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL 6 questions, note choices.
2. Write clearly and neatly
3. Number the answers correctly.
4. Make sure your student number appears on the answering script
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
1. Examination paper.
2. Examination script.
3. Criteria for Identification of Wetlands of international importance
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 3 PAGES(Excluding this front page)
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QUESTION 1. WATER AND WETLAND AWARENESS
1.1 You have been invited to give a presentation on the value of the Kuiseb River as a
(16)
linear oasis and the importance of groundwater in maintaining it, to a group of Grade
6 learners from De Duine School, visiting the Gobabeb Namib Research Institute.
Based on what you know and experienced on your excursion to the lower Kuiseb
River Basin, prepare a suitable, 8 slide presentation to show the ecological value of
this ephemeral river to both wildlife and people who live alongside it. Clearly link your
presentation to this year's theme for World Water Day and the environmental
impacts that "mining" the aquifers can have, conclude with how they can motivate
that their school, like the gardens in Walvis Bay, can make use of an unconventional
water source to reduce this impact.
Ensure that your presentation is well-illustrated and has a clear message for action.
1.2 Based your excursion to the coast, prepare a short article (less than 250 words) for
(8)
"The Namib Times" about what you learnt on your excursion regarding challenges of
water supply to the coastal towns and the uranium mines, and give what you believe
are the best solutions to these, in an area as arid as the central Namib. Provide a
caption for and describe the photograph you will use to illustrate this.
[24]
QUESTION 2. WATER AND WETLANDS CONSERVATION - RAMSAR
2.1 Choose either: A. The Walvis Bay Wetlands Ramsar Site.
(14)
or
B. The lishana section of the Cuvelai system, a potential Ramsar site.
Use the attached Ramsar Criteria to identify Wetlands of International Importance
to write an essay motivating how the site you choose meets 5 Ramsar Criteria.
(Do not simply give each criterion number, summarize each in your own words).
[14]
QUESTION 3. NATIONAL-LEVEL, WATER RESOURCESMANAGEMENT
Based on your excursion to the coast, your discussions with Mr. Ignatius Shikongo and
visit to Omdel Water Supply Scheme with Mr. Festus Kaurimuje of NamWater:
3.1 Name and give the correct abbreviation for the two River Basin Management
(2)
Committees active in the Namib Water Region.
3.2 List 5 responsibilities of Basin Management Committees.
(5)
3.3 Discuss 5 main challenges that the present KBMCcommittee faces.
(5)
3.4 List 2 lessons you learnt about River Basin Management from the roll-play you did.
(2)
3.5 Clearly explain the difference between equal and equitable access to water resources. (2)
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3.6 Based on your visit to the Omdel scheme and the lecture on water supply from
(8)
ephemeral rivers with the Omaruru River as a case study, draw a simple sketch to
show the layout of the scheme. Add short lables and arrows to explain the process.
[24]
QUESTION 4. INTERNATIONAL- LEVELRIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT
OKACOM undertook a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA), including an Environmental
Flows Assessment in all three basin countries sharing the Okavango River Basin, led by Dr
Jackie King, who won the Stockholm Water Prize for her studies on Environmental flows.
Based on what you have read and learnt about this Joint Okavango Environmental flows
study, answer the following questions.
4.1 Explain the interactive approach taken for the Environmental Flows Assessment.
(4)
4.2 Briefly outline the process that was followed to assessthe impacts on environmental (5)
flows throughout the basin.
4.3 What did the overall results of the environmental flows assessment of the Okavango (5)
River show and explain how this graph sums up the social impacts. Link your answer
clearly to the three pillars of sustainable development.
TOTALlivelihoodvalue (US$)
70,000,000 ~----------
60,000,000
50,000,000
40,000,000
30,000,000
20,000,000
TOTALlivelihood value
(US$)
10,000,000
0
PD Low D Med D High D
4.4 The Environment needs water too. Briefly discuss the two levels of biomonitoring
(10)
that is done in all our Namibian perennial rivers to monitor water quality and so
indicates river health. Say what it called, what it is based on, compare the method
used by qualified scientists and the modified version used even by learners and
communities. What advantage does this biomonitoring method have over
conventional chemical monitoring of rivers?
[24]
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QUESTION 5. WATER AND WETLAND RESOURCESMANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION AND
CHALLENGES IN DIFFERENT NATIONAL RIVER BASINS
Based on the National River Basins that you prepared your poster on, write a five-
16
paragraph essay to discuss the water and wetland resources, their management,
conservation, and the water challenges faced in the water basin you worked on.
In your introduction give the location of the basin, the rainfall and typical vegetation
of the basin. Then write 4 paragraphs, one each on: the water and wetland resources
in the basin; water supply within the basin; the management of the basin at each
appropriate level; finally discuss and give examples of the main challenges of waters
supply and conservation of the water sources within your basin.
[16]
QUESTION 6. INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCESMANAGEMENT (IWRM)
6.1 IWRM is based on the principles agreed on at the International Conference on Water (10)
and the Environment held in Dublin, Ireland in January 1992.
List the Dublin Principles including the fifth Dublin Principle added in 2007/2008 and
give an example of how each of the Dublin Principles is met in the water
management in any Namibian river basin of your choice.
6.2 Discuss how linking unconventional water sources to the decreasing supplies from
(8)
conventional water sources, could be the solution to managing the water supplies to
the central coastal region. Base this on your visit to the Erongo desalination plant and
your interviews held with NamWater officials during your coastal excursion.
[18]
TOTAL-120
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The Criteria for Identifying Wetlands of
International Importance
Group A. Sites conh1ining representative, rare or unique ·wetland t~·pes
Criterion ~: A wetland should he considered intt!,·nationally important if it c<mtains a n:prescntativc, nin•,
or uniqu,· '-'"ample ofa natunil or ncar..:naturnl weiland type found wiihin the appropriate biogeographir
rcgwn.
(; roup B. Site~ of international importance for conserYing hiological diversi~·
Criteria based on species and o:cological ~ommunitit·\\
Criterion 2: A v.-etland should be conside1·ed internationally important if it suppo,·ts vulnerable, endangered.
or critically i.>ndangned species or threatened ecological communities.
Criterion 3: A w~tland should be considered internationally important if it supports populations of plant
and/or animal species important for- maintaining the biological diversity of a particular biogeographic
region.
Criterion 4: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it supports plant and/or animal
species at a critical stage in thei,· life C)'cics, or pro,·ides refuge during adve,·se conditions.
Specific criteria hastd on watcrbinJi;;
Criterion 5: A wetlaud should be considered internationally impor'tant if it regularly supports 20,000 or
more waterbirds.
Criterion 6: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it regularly supports 1% of the
individuals in a population of one species or subspecies ofwaterbi1·d.
Specific criteria based on fish
3, Criterion 7: A wetland should be conside1·ed international!)' important if it supports a significant proportion
of indigenous fish subspecies, species or families, life-history stage species interactions and/or populations
that are representative of wetland benefits and/or values and thereby contributes to global biological
diversity.
Criterion 8: A wetland should be rnnsidered internationally important if it is an important source of food for
fishes, sp:-awning ground, nurser)' and/or migration path on which fish stocks, eithH within the w~tland or
else,"·here. depend.
Specific criteria based on other taxa
Criterion 9: A wetland should be considered internationall1· important if it regularly suppo1'ts l % of the
individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of wetland-dependent non-avian animal spel"ics.
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The Criteria for Identifying ,vetla.nds of
l11ternational Importance
Group A. Sites containing rt>-presentafrve, rare (W 1.rniqut wetl:rnd types
Cr·itcrion i; .-\\ wetland should he consickred inleniationall:v important 1f it c<mtai11s a n:pn·sentative" rnr(c,
or uniqu,· e..•:.2mplt' ofa natunil ow ne:n•..:nati1rnl ·wetland type found wiiBlin 1hr apprnpria!e biogcogrnphit·
reg;1on.
Criteria lrnst>d on sped.rs and ~!cologica! i:Umlin11.1nitit·,
Criterion 2: A \\-.etland should be considered internationally important ii' it supro,·t~ vulnerable, t'lHlangcn~d.
or c1·iticall~' t~ndangl'rcd species or thn:·atcnetl ecological communities.
Criterion 3: A we,tl:rnd should be considered internationally importani if it supports populations of plant
and/or animal species important for maintaining the biological diversity of a p~u-ticular biogeographic
region.
Criterion 4: A wetland should be considered internationally important if it supro1·ts plant and/or animal
species at a critical stage in ehci1· life cycles, 01· pro\\'idcs refuge dm·ing adverse conditions.
Specific criteria h:.sed on waterbird~
Criterion 5: A wetland should be considered indernationally impoi·tant if it ,egularly supports 20,000 or
more watei·birds.
Criterion 6: A wetland should be consider-ed internationally important if it regularly supports 1% of the
individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of waterbird.
Specific criteria based on fish
Criterion 7: A wetland should be considered international!)' important if it supports a significant propoirtio11
of indigenous fish subspecies, species or families, life-histo,y stage~, species interactions and/or populations
that are representative ·of wetland benefits and/or values and thereby conti·ibutes to global biological
diversity.
Criterion 8: A wetland should be considered internationally imporiant if it is :uu imrortant sourH of food for
fishes, spawning ground, nurse1·y and/or migration path on which fish stocks, either within the wetland or
elsev1:he1·e, depend.
Specific crite1·ia based on other taxai
Criterion 9: A we£1and should be considered internationally important if it rcgulady s11ppo1"ts J % of the
indi·vidua!s in a population of one species or subspecies of wetlam!-dependent non-avian animal species.