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EPD621S - EPIDEMIOLOGY 2B - 1ST OPP - NOVEMBER 2023 |
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l!.\\iillnbA~m1s1A univERSITY
OF SCIEnCEAnDTECHnOLOGY
FacultyofHealthN, atural
ResourceasndApplied
Sciences
Schoolof HealthSciences
Departmentof Preventative
HealthSciences
13Jackson Kaujeua Street
Private Bag-13388
Windhoek
NAMIBIA
T: •264 612072970
F: •264 61207 9970
E: dphs@nust.na
W: www.nust.na
QUALIFICATIONS: BACHELOROF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES,BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT, BACHELOROF HUMAN NUTRITION
QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BOHS, 07BHIS, 08BOHN
LEVEL: 6
COURSE NAME: EPIDEMIOLOGY 2B
COURSE CODE: EPD 612S
DATE:
NOVEMBER 2023
SESSION: 1
DURATION:
3 hours
MARKS:
100
EXAMINER(S)
FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
DR LARAI AKU-AKAI
MODERATOR: DR ROSWITHA MAHALIE
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly in the spaces provided.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS
1. Non-programmable scientific calculator
ATTACHEMENTS
1. None
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 6 PAGES (Including this front page)
Epidemiology 2B (EPD612S)
1'1 Opportunity November 2023
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nAmlBIA UnlVERSITY
OF SCIEnCEAno TECHnOLOGY
FacultyofHealthN, atural
ResourceasndApplied
Sciences
Schoolof HealthSciences
Departmenot fPreventative
HealthSciences
13Jackson Kaujeua Street
Private Bag-13388
Windhoek
NAMIBIA
T: •26A 61207 2970
F: •264 61207 9970
E: dphs@nust.na
W; www.nust.na
QUALIFICATIONS:BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES,BACHELOROF SCIENCE
IN HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT, BACHELOR OF HUMAN NUTRITION
QUALIFICATIONCODE:08BOHS, 07BHIS, 08BOHN
LEVEL: 6
COURSENAME: EPIDEMIOLOGY 2B
COURSECODE: EPD 612S
DATE:
NOVEMBER 2023
SESSION: 1
DURATION: 3 hours
MARKS:
100
FIRSTOPPORTUNITYEXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S) DR LARAI AKU-AKAI
MODERATOR: DR ROSWITHA MAHALIE
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write clearly and neatly in the spaces provided.
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS
1. Non-programmable scientific calculator
ATTACHEMENTS
1. None
THIS QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 6 PAGES(Including this front page)
Epidemiology 2B (EPD612S)
1st opportunity November 2023
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Question 1 (10 marks)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options provided.
1.1 The following communicable conditions can lead to non-communicable diseases
except:
a) Schistosomiasis
b) Tuberculosis
c) Genital warts
d) Hepatitis A
(1)
1.2 Diseaseswhich can be transmitted by skin penetration include all the following
except:
a) Amoebiasis
b) Hookworm
c) Schistosomiasis
d) Hepatitis B
{1)
1.3 A nosocomial infection comes from:
a) Insects
b) Rodents
c) Tropical regions
d) Medical facilities
(1)
1.4 The following diseases are vaccine preventable except:
a) Diphtheria
b) Ascariasis
c) Petussis
d) Tuberculosis
(1)
1.5 Diseasesspread worldwide are known as:
a) Pandemics
b) Epidemics
c) Endemics
d) Sporadic
(1)
1.6 A form of influenza that occurred globally because of contact with birds, their
products and waste:
a) Covid-19
b) SARS
c) MERS
d) Avian flu
(1)
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Epidemiology 2B (EPD612S)
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1.7 To prevent Tuberculosis, which of the following vaccines should be given to
infants?
a) BCG
b) DPT
c) OPV
d) IPV
(1)
1.8 The main route of transmission for Hepatitis E is:
a) By injection and blood transfusion
b) By feaco-oral
c) By droplets in the air
d) By saliva
(1)
1.9 Which of the following factors play a key role in likelihood of infectious disease
acquisition?
a) Genetic profile
b) Human behaviour
c) Environmental conditions
d) All of the above
(1)
1.10 The following are modes of transmission which are appropriate for the spread
of communicable diseases except:
a) Feaco-oral - Hepatitis B
b) Fomite borne - Chickenpox
c) Direct - HIV
d) Droplet inhalation - Tuberculosis
(1)
Question 2 (10 marks)
Indicate the causative agent and type of organism responsible for the following conditions:
Disease condition
2.1 Scabies
2.2 Bacillary Dysentry
2.3 Anthrax
2.4 Malaria
2.5 Cholera
Name of organism (1 mark
each)
Type of organism (bacteria,
virus, protozoan, etc) (1
mark each)
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Epidemiology 2B (EPD612S)
istOpportunity November 2023
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Question 3 (10 marks)
Match the terms in Column A with the description in Column B (1 mark each):
Column A
3.1 Multi-disciplinary approach
A
3.2 Organism acquired from health care setting B
3.3 Transmitted by blackfly in riverine areas
C
3.4 Organism passes from mother to unborn
D
child
3.5 Breeds in cracks in walls of houses and
E
transmit parasite for Chagas disease
3.6 Cause biting nuisance and mild anaemia
F
3.7 Breeds in rivers and vector for parasitic agent G
3.8 Organism introduced into skin or mucosa!
H
membranes
3.9 Fluid-filled lesion on the skin
I
3.10 Organisms carried in nasopharyngeal
J
secretions
K
Column B
Snails
Reduvid bugs
Droplet transmission
One Health
Maculo-papular
Inoculation
Bedbug
Transplacental
Nosocomial
Onchocerciasis
Vesicle
Question 4 (10 marks)
Define/explain the following terminology used in epidemiology:
4.1 Incubation period
(2)
4.2 Endemic
(2)
4.3 Incidence rate
(2)
4.4 Host
(2)
4.5 Pathogen
(2)
Question 5 (25 marks)
5.1 A boy from a rural community was bitten by a dog on his way home from school.
5.1.1 What disease is the boy at risk of acquiring and how is the disease agent
transmitted?
(2)
5.1.2 What should be done for the boy to ensure that he does not develop
the disease?
(2)
5.1.3 As a health professional the headman asks you for advise on how the
disease can be prevented in the village. Mention one (1) important
measure that will prevent the disease.
(1)
5.2 A woman in her 3rd month of pregnancy discovers that one of her friend's
child, whom she often sees has Rubella. Should she be concerned about
herself or her unborn child and why?
(2)
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Epidemiology 2B (EPD612S)
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5.3 A newborn baby was born at home and the birth was attended by the
grandmother in the mother's room. After a few weeks the baby is unable to
open her mouth and suck and is making unusual facial expressions. He is very
stiff and his muscles seem to go into spasms whenever he hears a loud noise.
5.3.1 What disease do you think he has?
(1)
5.3.2 What could have been done during and after his birth to prevent this
from happening?
(2)
5.3.3 This disease is earmarked for elimination. Explain the strategy
employed to eliminate this disease.
(3)
5.4 A lady who has only lived in Windhoek all her life, travels to Oshakati during
the summer for a work event which involved outdoor exhibitions till late at
night. After returning to Windhoek, she begins to feel ill, and eventually has a
high fever with chills and shivering, severe headache, joint pains, nausea and
vomiting and abdominal discomfort. She has never experienced this type of
illness before.
5.4.1 What would be your first suspicion of what is wrong with her? How
could she have acquired the condition?
(2)
5.4.2 Outline the names of the organism and vector involved in causation of
this disease.
(2)
5.4.3 What advise would you have given her to prevent the disease before
she travelled for the event?
(3)
5.5 A teenage boy presents with a swelling at the angle of his jaw that is very
painful, limiting his ability to open his mouth and chew.
5.5.1 Name the most likely condition?
(1)
5.5.2 Mention two (2) means through which this disease can be transmitted. (2)
5.5.3 What is one of the main long-term complications of this condition
specifically among males and why?
(2)
Question 6 (35 marks)
6.1. You were invited as a health professional to visit a rural community whose main
source of income is small scale animal farming. They mainly rear goats, sheep,
cattle and pigs. The village has a large river and farmers often bring their herds
to drink from the river and graze on the green pastures around the riverbanks.
Being a rural setting, most homes use pit latrines or practice open defaecation.
The river is the main source of drinking water for the community, and young
boys in the village enjoy swimming in the river.
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Epidemiology 2B (EPD612S)
1st Opportunity November 2023
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6.1.1
List five (5) diseases that members of this village are at risk of acquiring,
with the name of the agent and its means of transmission.
Write your answer in the answer booklet in the form of a table as below:
Disease
Organism
Means of
transmission
1
2
(1 mark for each correct answer)
(15)
6.1.2 Discussfive (5) risk factors of disease transmission in the scenario
discussed above.
(5)
6.1.3 Discuss in detail the prevention and control of any one (1) of the
diseases listed above.
(5)
6.2 Discussthe role of Port Health in minimising international spread of disease. (10)
Good luck!!!
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Epidemiology 2B (EPD612S)
pt opportunity November 2023