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ASF701S - ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION - 1ST OPP - JUNE 2022 |
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NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF HEALTH, APPLIED SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
QUALIFICATION CODE: 07BOSC
CFOUUNRCSTEI:ON ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND
LEVEL: 7
COURSE CODE: ASF701S
DATE: JUNE 2022
SESSION: 15‘ OPPORTUNITY
DURATION: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100
EXAMINER (S)
MODERATOR
FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION
Dr Norman Muzhinji
Prof Ronnie Bock
QUESTION
PAPER
INSTRUCTIONS
All examination RULES apply
Answer ALL questions
Read all the questions carefully before answering
Marks are indicated at the end of each question
Write clearly and neatly
All written work MUST be done in BLUE or BLACK ink
PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS
None
ATTACHMENTS
None
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF FIVE (5) PAGES
(INCLUDING THIS FRONT PAGE)
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Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (8 marks)
1. Marine animals that are isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolarity
are called
Osmoregulators
Osmoconformers
Ectotherms
Endotherms
2. In astudy of immune activation, it is shown that macrophages have peptides displayed by MHC
Il molecules on their cell surfaces. Display of these peptides is most likely to have a primary
effect on stimulation of which of the following processes?
Apoptosis
immunoglobulin secretion
T helper activation
T cell induced cytolysis
3. How does a fertilized egg generate a great diversity of cell types?
A. The same genome expresses different sets of genes in different cell types
B. Localized Cytoplasm determinants
C. Influenced by environments
D. Different Genomes
4. Which statement is true about pattern formation,
A. It involves the process of cells becoming oriented to the body plan.
B. It involves the cell’s ability to detect positional information that impacts the fate of the cell
C. It is the process of cells becoming specialized
D . Is the physical process of organizing specialized cells giving rise to its organs and organ
systems
5. Which type of cells are responsible for stimulating the rejection of tissue grafts and organ
transplants?
MHC molecules
B- Cells
Natural Killer Cells
Antibodies
6. Which of the following is not produced in the stomach?
Gastrin
Mucus
Pepsinogen
Trypsinogen
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Following the sections of the large intestine, as material passes from the transverse colon, what
section does it enter next?
A. Ascending
B. Descending
C. Sigmoid
D. Rectum
Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The term epitope is not synonymous with antigen
B. Aviral protein may contain many epitopes that can interact with many different specific
antibodies
Immunologic receptors on T cells recognize continuous (linear) epitopes
D. Antibody variable region is complimentary in shape to the epitope
Section B: Answer all questions using the spaces provided (92 Marks)
1. Describe the major components of a homeostatic control system.
[6]
a. After a meal, blood glucose level rises. Explain how the body respond to return blood glucose
levels to normal in a healthy individual.
[2]
b. Explain why the body cannot act in the same way in a person who has type 1 diabetes. [2]
Diseases such as pancreatic cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can interfere with
the healthy functioning of the pancreas. What would happen to the digestion of carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats when the pancreas is dysfunctional?
[3]
State two (2) major components of the central nervous system.
[2]
List five (5) adaptations that help desert animal thermoregulate. Give an example of the animal.
[4]
Write brief notes on the following;
a) Cytokines
[2]
b) Major Histocompatibility Complex 1
[2]
c) Acrosomal reaction and cortical reaction
[4]
d) Clonal selection of B cells
[2]
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e) Cell differentiation
[2]
f) Gene expression
[2]
7 a. Explain the difference between humoral response and cell mediated response giving examples.
[4]
Describe the processes involved in the generation of immunoglobulin antigen diversity. You
may use annotated diagrams in your answer.
[4]
Explain why a secondary antibody response to an antigen may prevent a bacterial or viral
disease when the primary adaptive immune response to that antigen did not protect the
person from the disease.
[3]
Outline the innate and adaptive immune system’s response to the invading virus like SARS-
COV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19.
[7]
Describe the functions of the following classes of immunoglobulins;
[4]
IgM
IgE
IgG
IgA
f. In HIV testing, explain why CD4 cells are used as an indicator to determine the level of
immunity of an individual?
[2]
Binding of antigen to a mature lymphocyte induces the lymphocyte’s proliferation and
differentiation, a process called clonal selection. Explain why clonal selection of antibodies
is important for the immune system?
[3]
8 a. Describe the bone formation process.
[4]
b. The appendicular skeleton is the portion of the skeleton of vertebrates consisting of the
bones that support the appendages. Match the following bones to their locations (A-P) on
the skeleton figure overleaf.
NB: // Each bone ONLY matches one letter
[6]
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-E
II
-G
A
HII
-A
B
IV,
-M
DCc
V,
-€
E
VI
- P/H
F
VII.
-O
4G
VIII.
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IX.
el
Jx
X.
-B
L
XI.
-N
M
XII.
-F
N Oo
P
9. The following are some of the functions performed by sensory receptors. Explain
a. Sensory transduction
- [4]
b.
Transmission
[1]
10. Compare and contrast oogenesis from spermatogenesis.
[4]
11. The menstrual cycle is controlled by four hormones. These hormones have an effect on target
organs such as the ovaries and the uterus. The diagram below shows the hormone levels of the
four hormones and the relative thickness of the uterus lining during a typical 28-day menstrual
cycle. Use the graph and your own knowledge to explain the changes that occur to prepare a
woman's body to receive a fertilised egg and then allow it to grow and develop.
[6]
12. Compare the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
[6]
13. State the symptoms of the following disorders of the nervous system;
a. Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
[2]
b. Schizophrenia
[2]
THE END