 |
EPM821S - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION MONITORING AND REMEDIATION - 1ST OPP - NOV 2022 |
|
|
1 Page 1 |
▲back to top |
t'
nAmlBIA unlVERSITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHn OLOGY
FACULTYOF HEALTH,NATURAL RESOURCESAND APPLIEDSCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF SCIENCEHONOURS
QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BOSH
LEVEL: 8
COURSE NAME: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION,
MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
COURSE CODE: EPM821S
SESSION: NOVEMBER 2022
DURATION: 3 HOURS
PAPER:THEORY
MARKS: 100
FIRSTOPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S) DR JULIEN LUSILAO
MODERATOR: DR JAM ESABAH
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL the questions in the answer book provided.
2. Write and number your answers clearly.
3. All written works MUST be done in blue or black ink.
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
None
ATTACHMENT
None
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 4 PAGES (Including this front page)
|
|
2 Page 2 |
▲back to top |
Question 1
[20]
1.1 Explain how an earthquake can cause an overtopping on a Tailings Storage Facility. (4)
1.2 Differentiate between
(a) Irritant and toxic properties of substances
(4)
(b) Low grade ore stockpile and tailings
(4)
1.3 (a) What are the key factors that control the health effects of hazardous wastes?
(3)
(b) After treatment of waste is completed, an inorganic valueless residue remains
that must be disposed of safely. Provide the different options for disposing
hazardous waste.
(5)
Question 2
[20]
2.1 Explain how pollutants are naturally removed from the atmosphere.
(4)
2.2 Define Negative Emissions Technologies with respect to climate change and name
two technologies that belong to this group.
(4)
2.3 How important is the information obtained through atmospheric air analytics and
monitoring?
(4)
2.4 Discuss the main parts of rainwater analysis including the measurement methods. (8)
Question 3
3.1 The figure below shows a model of water pollution discharge mixing zones.
{Effluent discharge
-A
Watefrlow
[20]
(a) What are water pollution discharge mixing zones?
(2)
2
|
|
3 Page 3 |
▲back to top |
(b) Why is this zone not to be considered as a treatment entity of a body of water? (2)
(c) Which one of the sections A, Band C from the above figure represents the
actual mixing zone?
(1)
3.2 (a) Wastewater treatments are grouped into three main categories namely,
primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. What are the
respective purposes of these categories of treatment?
(3)
(b) Name the main types of secondary wastewater treatment.
(4)
(c) Which one of the types of treatment in (b) is the most efficient? Briefly explain
its principle and write the generic chemical reactions involved.
(8)
Question 4
4.1 Compare the following characteristics of saline soils and sodic (alkaline) soils:
(a) Location
(b) Clay type
(c) Properties
(d) Texture and effects
4.2 (a) What is the other name given to the "conventional techniques" for the
reclamation of Salt-Affected Soils?
(b) Name the main conventional techniques used for the reclamation of salt-
affected soils?
(c) What are the problems associated with the use of the techniques in (b)?
[20]
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(4)
Question 5
[20]
5.1 It is recognized that legislation and regulations implemented to tackle
environmental pollution problems are largely a command and control approach
and they have a heavy reliance on "end-of-pipe" measures. Explain the underlined
concepts.
(4)
5.2 (a) Complete the following definition of Green Chemistry.
"Green Chemistry is the __ practice of chemical science and technology
within the framework of the practice of __ in a manner that is safe and
3
|
|
4 Page 4 |
▲back to top |
non-polluting and that consumes __ amounts of materials and energy while
producing __ waste material and which minimizes the use and handling of
substances and does not release such substances to the environment".
(5)
(b) Name the main classes of toxic substances that need to be avoided in the
practice of Green Chemistry.
(3)
5.3 Adding energy to the system and reducing the activation energy required by a
chemical reaction are the two most commonly used approaches to enhance
chemical reactions.
(a) Why is the practice of external heating no longer recommended in industrial
processes?
(2)
(b) Provide TWO alternatives to external heating that can be used in the perspective
of Green Chemistry.
(2)
5.4 Differentiate between life cycle assessment (LCA) and product stewardship.
(4)
END
4