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RRG611S- RANGELAND REGENERTION - 2ND Opp - JULY 2022 |
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J
n Am I BI A u n IVER s ITY
OF SCIEnCE Ano TECHnOLOGY
FACULTYOF HEALTH,APPLIEDSCIENCESAND NATURALRESOURCES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREAND NATURAL RESOURCES
QUALIFICATION: Bachelor of Science in Agriculture
QUALIFICATION CODE: 07BAGA
COURSECODE: RRG611S
LEVEL: 6
COURSENAME: Rangeland Regeneration
DATE:July 2022
SESSION: July
DURATION: 3 Hours
MARKS: 95
SECONDOPPORTUNITYEXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
EXAMINER(S)
MODERATOR:
Mr Richard Kamukuenjandje
Dr Hilma Amwele
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Write clearly and neatly.
2. Number your answers clearly.
3. Make sure your student number appears on the answering script.
4. Include the formulas used for each calculation.
PERMISSIBLEMATERIALS
1. Calculator
THIS EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPERCONSISTSOF 3 PAGES(Excluding this front page)
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Question 1
The division of a grass species into decreasers and the different types of increasers is specific
to any area. With reference to some of the grass species from Waterberg, based on
information contained in an old table kindly provided by Dr Jankowitz.
Copy down the table below. Then mark with (x) the species that corresponds with the most
relevant description by dividing grass species into decreaser, increaser 1, increaser 2a,
increaser 2b or increaser 2c
Grass Specie
Decreaser Increaser
1
Increaser
2a
Increaser
2b
Increaser
2c
Aristida congesta
Eragrostis rotifer
Uroch/oa brachyura
Anthephora pubescens
Brachiaria nigropedata
Chloris virgata
Enneapogon
cenchroides
Cenchrus ciliaris
Eragrostis tricophora
Schmidtia
pappophoroides
[10]
Question 2
Suppose a farmer with rangeland of 6500ha estimates at the end of the growing season that
a representative square with sides of 27m is required by one LSUday and that the dry season
will last for 240 days
2.1 Estimate the grazing capacity?
(5)
2.2 Determine the number of LSUthat the farmer should stock?
(5)
[10]
Question 3
Suppose that during a drought, grass species A is found to have died in both the benchmark
and the continuously grazed surroundings, grass species B is found to have died out in the
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surroundings but survived in the benchmark, and grass species C is still alive in both the
benchmark and the surroundings.
Use a table like that below to indicate, for each of the three grass species in the above
scenario, the type of species it is (3), and the reasons why you consider it to be this type of
species (3).
Grass s~ecies
Ty~e of
grass
Ex~lanation for the conclusion
fj
Then explain what this tells you about the condition of the rangeland (2) and its
management potential (2).
[10]
Question 4
The abundance of plants of a particular type or species can be a useful measure when
determining rangeland condition. However, there are different types of abundance and in
the course of Rangeland Regeneration you learnt about five of them. Copy down the table
below and in it name each of these five types of abundance, together with an example of
the units in which each may be expressed.
Type of abundance example of units in which the abundance is expressed
Type of abundance
Example of units in which the abundance is
expressed
[10]
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Question 5
The most critical time of the year for grazing management is usually at the
start of the rainy season. Explain how you would advise a farmer to
minimise harm to her perennial grass:
5.1
If the farmer has some areas with sandy soil and other areas with loamy (4)
soil.
5.2
If the farmer has a large artificial pasture of Cenchrus ciliaris cultivar
(4)
Molopo.
[8]
Question 6
Benchmarks are areas where the land is in its most healthy condition. Explain the usefulness
of benchmark sites
[6]
Question 7
Discussthe characteristics about the soil for measuring rangeland condition
[9]
Question 8
To prevent overgrazing, a maximum grazing period and a minimum rest period are required.
Both differ, depending on the conditions, so the grasses should be monitored in order to
determine the maximum grazing period and minimum rest period. Answer the following
questions below:
8.1 Give an example of the rough guidelines used by rangeland managers on the range for
determining grazing and rest periods for the growing season?
(4)
8.2 Is there is a maximum grazing period or minimum rest period needed during the dormant
season for the benefit of the grass give reasons for your answer?
(2)
8.3 Explain how the maximum grazing period is determined during the dry season for the
benefit of the animals
(4)
[10]
Question 9
Discuss some reasons why prescribed burning may be applied?
[12]
Question 10
Describe the main methods used for reseeding of rangeland plants
[10]
TOTAL: 95
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